041208 Luftraumkontrolle Europa Euranet

Tun a cikin shekarun 1990 hukumar zartaswar ƙungiyar tarayyar Turai EU ke ƙoƙarin kawo ƙarshen rarrabuwar kawuna dangane da dokokin da suka shafi amfani da sararin samaniyar ƙasashen nahiyar Turai. To amma ƙasashen membobin ƙungiyar sun dage kan ƙarfinsu na kiyaye sararin samaniyarsu. To sai dai yanzu an fara ganin alamun sauyin lamura bayan da hukumar ta EU ta gabatar da shawara kan wani shirin doka wadda ya tanadi ɗaukar matakin bai ɗaya na tsaron sararin samaniyar nahiyar. To ko za a cimma tudun dafawa bisa wannan manufa? Muna ɗauke da ƙarin bayani a cikin shirin na yau wanda zai mayar da hankali kan makomar sufurin jiragen sama a nahiyar Turai.

Ƙididdiga ta yi nuni da cewa kowane jirgin sama dake sauka a nahiyar Turai ya kan makara da misali mintoci 15. Wannan adadin kuwa yayi yawa matuƙa idan aka kwatanta da ala misali ƙasar Amirka. Rashin sauka ko tashin jiragen saman cikin lokaci a Turai yana faruwa ne saboda rashin daidaituwar dokokin tsaron sararin samaniyar nahiyar Turai inji ƙungiyar kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Turai. A haƙiƙa dai a nan Turai babu wata hukuma guda ɗaya dake kula da tsaron sararin samaniyar Turai, wato kowace ƙasa daga cikin membobin EU 27 ke kula da sararin samaniyarta. Kwamishinan sufuri na ƙungiyar EU Antonio Tajani ya ce wannan ba ita kaɗai ce matsalar da ake fama da ita ba.

“Yanzu haka dai jiragen saman ba sa tafiya kai tsaye daga wani wuri zuwa wani wuri, sai sun yi zagaye. Amma idan aka daidaita al´amura za a iya rage tsawon waɗannan tafiye-tafiye da misalin kilomita 50 zuwa kilomita 110.”

Baya ga tsare-tsare na tabbatar da tsaro na ɗaiɗaikun ƙasashe akwai kuma yankuna masu yawan gaske waɗanda aka keɓewa aikin soji wanda aka hana jiragen saman fasinja ratsawa cikinsu. Alal misali matuƙan jiragen sama daga birnin Berlin a nan Jamus zuwa Madrid na ƙasar Spain a dole asai sun yi zagaye don ƙauracewa shiga yankunan sararin samaniya na aikin soji a Faransa da kuma Jamus duk da cewa yanzu ba a buƙatar da yawa daga cikin waɗannan yankuna.

Tun dai a cikin shekarun 1990 hukumar zartaswar ƙungiyar tarayyar Turai ke ƙoƙarin ganin an kawo ƙarshen wannan rarrabuwar kawuna dangane da dokokin da suka shafi tsaron sararin samaniyar ƙasashen wannan nahiya. A lokacin bazara na wannan shekara hukumar ta sake yunƙurowa inda ta gabatar da sabon shirin doka mai suna Single European Sky.

A na sa ran cewa kafi shekara ta 2012 wasu ƙasashe takwas membobin ƙungiyar ta tarayyar Turai waɗanda suka haɗa kan iyakoki sararin samaniya, za su samar da wani yanki na bai ɗaya game da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama wanda zai dace da buƙatun hanyoyin sufurin jirgin sama a Turai maimakon buƙatun tsaron kan iyakokin ƙasashensu. Kwamishinan sufuri na Turai Antonio Tajani ya tofa albarkacin bakinsa kan wannan batun.

“Hakan na da muhimmanci ga matakan kare muhalli da jama´a baki ɗaya. Ina fata majalisar dokokin ƙungiyar EU da sauran ƙasashe membobin ƙungiyar za su amince da shawarar da muka bayar gabanin a kaɗa ƙuri´ar ´yan majalisar dokokin Turai a farkon shekara mai kamawa.”

Hukumar ta tarayyar Turai ta yi ƙiyasin cewa har in dai jiragen saman za su riƙa amfani da gajajjerun hanyoyin to ko shakka babu a kowace tafiya za a rage yawan mai da jiragen ke sha da misalin kashi 10 cikin 100. Hakan na nufin kenan a duk shekara za a samu raguwar yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa da kimanin Euro miliyan dubu2.4 sannan yawan iskar Carbon Dioxide mai ɗumama doron ƙasa da jiragen ke fitarwa zai ragu da tan 16.

Yanzu haka dai an ƙaddamar da wata hukuma ta Turai wadda za ta tabbatar da tsarin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Sunan wannan hukuma Eurocontrol kuma ta na da mazauninta a birnin Brussels. To sai dai kawo yanzu aikin wannan hukuma ta Eurocontrol ya tsaya ne ga ba da shawara ga ƙasashe kan tsari mafi dacewa game da sufurin jiragen sama. Amma abubuwa za su canza idan dokar Single European Sky ta fara aiki, domin za ta tilastawa ƙasashen ƙungiyar EU aiki da shawarwarin hukumar Eurocontrol.

Mutane kusan 12 ne ke aiki a hukumar ta Eurocontrol waɗanda kuma ke sa ido kan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Turai. Nigel Slan shi ne shugaban wannan hukuma, ya nunar da cewa suna aiki ba dare ba rana don ganin komai ya tafi salin-alim ko dai a zirga-zirgar jiragen a sararin samaniya ko kuma a filayen jiragen sama.

“Akan wannan na´urar kana iya ganin dukkan jiragen saman dake shawagi a sararin samaniyar Turai gaba ki ɗaya ba wai ɗaiɗaikun ƙasashe ba. Muna iya juya akalarsu a duk lokacin da buƙatar haka ta taso. Alal misali idan muka ga wani jirgi da ba mu amince da shi ba muna iya ba shi wani launi ta yadda za a iya gane shi da wuri.”

A halin da ake ciki ma´aikatan wannan hukuma suna bakin ƙoƙarinsu don rage yawan makara da jiragen saman ke yi. Alal misali idan a cikin lokaci ƙanƙane aka samu yawaitar buƙatar saukar jiragen sama a wani filin jirgin sama to ma´aikatan na hukumar Eurocontrol suna hanzarta ba da shawara ko kuma gargaɗi ga ƙasar da abin ya shafa domin a ɗauki matakan warware wannan matsala da wuri. Ba a yarda wani jirgin sama ya jira a sararin samaniya har tsawon awa ɗaya kafin a ba shi izinin sauka.

A dai halin da ake ciki kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na goyon bayan samar da wata doka ta bai ɗaya wadda za ta daidaita sufurin jiragen sama a Turai. To sai dai ba a sani ba ko ƙasashe membobin ƙungiyar EU za su sakarwa hukumar EU dake Brussels aikin sa ido kan sararin samaniyarsu.