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「北京乘虛而入」

2013年10月25日

德語媒體繼續關注土耳其欲同中國在防空導彈系統領域合作。相關的報導和分析文章相信,除價格優勢外,中國願意讓合作方分享導彈技術是讓安卡拉動心的最大原因。

https://p.dw.com/p/1A6GW
Bildnummer: 58702812 Datum: 15.11.2012 Copyright: imago/Xinhua (121115) -- ZHUHAI, Nov. 15, 2012 (Xinhua) -- Photo taken on Nov. 15, 2012 shows the FD-2000 air defense weapon system during the 9th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai, south China s Guangdong Province. Some 650 manufactures at home and abroad attended the six-day airshow kicked off on Tuesday, which was expected to receive 400,000 visitors. (Xinhua/Liang Xu) (zc) CHINA-ZHUHAI-AIR SHOW-FD 2000 (CN) PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Wirtschaft Luftfahrt Ausstellung Luftfahrtausstellung xas x0x 2012 quer premiumd 58702812 Date 15 11 2012 Copyright Imago XINHUA Zhuhai Nov 15 2012 XINHUA Photo Taken ON Nov 15 2012 Shows The FD 2000 Air Defense Weapon System during The 9th China International Aviation and Aerospace Exhibition in Zhuhai South China S Guangdong Province Some 650 Manufactures AT Home and Abroad attended The Six Day Airshow kicked off ON Tuesday Which what expected to receive 400 000 Visitors XINHUA Liang Xu China Zhuhai Air Show FD 2000 CN PUBLICATIONxNOTxINxCHN Economy Aviation Exhibition Aviation exhibition x0x 2012 horizontal premiumd
圖片來源: imago/Xinhua

(德國之聲中文網)10月25日一期《新蘇黎世報》「國際」欄目上的一篇署名文章指出,作為北約成員國,土耳其計劃從中國購買防空導彈系統,對盟友構成明顯挑釁,至少使該國在與北約的關係上負重陡增,而安卡拉當局執意這麼做的原因之一是精明的北京投其所好,乘虛而入:

「在實現雄心勃勃的目標上,艾爾多安可不是一個安於烘烤小麵包的人。他意欲引領土耳其在10年內進入全球最大的武器出口國俱樂部。為促進土耳其軍工業的發展,他的政府著眼於所謂的『對沖交易』。在這方面,土耳其優先考慮的是獲得技術轉讓。安卡拉準備與中國進行的價值數十億的一項導彈防禦系統軍火交易便符合這一政策。……中國人提出的約35億美元的開價遠低於西方競爭對手的價格,—不僅如此,他們還願意轉讓技術。……這樣,艾爾多安不僅不在乎同西方盟友發生衝突,而且還奚落了北約。因向北韓、伊朗和敘利亞銷售武器,華盛頓對中國的那家軍工企業(中國精密機械進出口公司)實施了制裁。此外,土耳其在保護領空方面依賴聯盟。目前,美國、德國以及荷蘭的愛國者導彈部隊駐紮在土耳其東南部,以抵禦可能來自敘利亞的空襲。值得注意的是,據土耳其智庫埃達姆(Edam)透露,土耳其今年一月修改關於導彈系統的招標,而北約當時正開始將愛國者導彈部隊移防至土耳其。埃達姆在一份報告中指出,在艾爾多安的敦促下,招標內容中增加了合作生產這一條件。

Batteries of Patriot missile air defense systems are seen after being deployed overnight in air base near the northern Israel coastal town of Haifa Saturday July 15, 2006. Israeli warplanes hit central Beirut for the first time and smashed the Hezbollah leadership's main strongholds, as strikes killed at least 18 Lebanese fleeing the onslaught. Hezbollah rockets continued to pour into Israel, where officials warned citizens that Tel Aviv could be hit.
「愛國者」導彈圖片來源: AP
Turkish Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan addresses the media in Ankara September 30, 2013. Turkey will end a ban that bars women from wearing the Islamic-style headscarf in state institutions, part of the government's long-awaited package of proposed human-rights reforms, Erdogan said on Monday in a major policy speech. The new rules will not apply to the judiciary or the military. Muslim but secular Turkey has long had tough restrictions on the garb worn by women working in state offices. Erdogan also announced plans to return monastery property belonging to Syriac Christians that was seized by the state. REUTERS/Umit Bektas (TURKEY - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW RELIGION)
土耳其總理艾爾多安圖片來源: Reuters

「在此之前,各方都確信,土耳其將購買成品。軍隊將領們也確信這一點。據埃達姆稱,(土耳其)空軍強烈要求購買最先進的空防系統。歐洲提供的防空導彈系統Eurosam最受青睞。對土耳其安全結構而言,購買該系統也比同中國的那樁交易更有意義,因為,中國的FD—2000(中國防空導彈系統HQ9的外銷版)同北約的防禦盾不相匹配。……

「隨著同中國達成生意,土耳其也游離在了北約的『靈巧防禦』方針之外。根據這一方針,北約國家致力於武器系統的共同開發和並聯。儘管經濟不振國家被迫節約,北約仍決心讓軍備現代化,以應對未來的威脅。私下裡,有關方面力勸土耳其不要同做那筆交易,但迄今無果。艾爾多安本周解釋說,中國提出的條件正符合土耳其方面的設想。」

反腐連累法國酒

當天的《商報》以全球第二大酒業巨頭—法國的保樂力加(Pernod Ricard)今年以來在華業績增長幅度明顯下滑為例強調,中國新領導層強調反腐、反奢侈是多年來在華連續獲得驕人業績的法國酒商突然面臨市場萎縮的重要原因:

A shop assistant looks at bottles of imported cognac at a Beijing department store Monday, February 26, 1996. Sales of foreign liquor have been hit hard by a ban on wining and dining by government officials at public expense. Before the ban up to 90 percent of foreign liquor was bought by officials, who used it for gifts or banquets then claimed the expense from their work units. (AP Photo/Greg Baker)
法國香檳酒圖片來源: AP

「對保樂力加而言,夢想一度成真,又轉為夢魘。因為,高價酒同豪華車和奢華宴會一樣,是中國黨和國家領導人發動的反腐敗運動的目標。對不正之風的打擊如此有效,使得這個法國酒業大亨在今年6月結束的上一財政年度之後的首季在華銷售量出現兩位數萎縮。……這個在全球排行第二的法國酒業集團下調了本財政年度的增長目標:從原先的6%下調至4—5%」。

摘編:凝煉
責編:葉宣

[摘編自其它媒體,不代表德國之聲觀點]