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海洋争议:台湾活动空间有限

2013年5月14日

新近台—菲海上纠纷引德语媒体关注。《新苏黎世报》撰文指出,鉴于台湾在国际间外交地位有限,解决同菲律宾之间的争议恐非易事。

https://p.dw.com/p/18XWC
unbeschriftet --- DW-Grafik: Peter Steinmetz 2010_08_31 Südchinesisches Meer
图像来源: DW

(德国之声中文网)本月9日,菲律宾公务船上海警在“主权重叠水域”射击台湾渔船,导致1名台湾渔民死亡,引起台湾民众和当局强烈反弹。在民众连日举行抗议示威的同时,台湾政府向菲律宾政府发出72小时最后通牒,要求菲方在15日零时前就射杀事件作出正式道歉、惩凶、赔偿,否则台方将采取冻结菲劳工、召回“驻菲代表”等制裁措施。《新苏黎世报》5月14日刊登的一篇记者从东京发来的文章这样写道:

“自有50多个枪眼的渔船返抵台湾,愤怒的浪潮高涨。台湾总统马英九表示,菲方的残暴令人发指,是非法处死。马所在的国民党一名议员甚至要求一战:台湾应发动攻击,击沉所有在有争议水域的菲律宾船只。据台湾媒体报道,在民众关于对渔民保护不够的批评压力下,台湾海警队派出三艘装备火炮的大型巡逻船,并得到一艘护卫舰和海军直升机的护航。

A handout photo shows members of the Philippines Navy inspecting one of eight Chinese fishing boats spotted in the Scarborough Shoal, a small group of rocky formations whose sovereignty is contested by the Philippines and China, in the South China Sea, about 124 nautical miles off the main island of Luzon April 10, 2012. The Philippines and China traded diplomatic protests on Wednesday over a standoff in the shoal, a jointly claimed area in the South China Sea, but Manila ruled out the use of force in its enforcement of local maritime laws. Picture taken April 10, 2012. REUTERS/Philippine Navy Handout (PHILIPPINES - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY MARITIME) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
南中国海上的渔船检查图像来源: Reuters

“为避免未来发生类似事件,台北希望同马尼拉达成共享渔业资源协定。该协定的榜样是台湾同日本达成的关于共享有争议的钓鱼台/尖阁诸岛渔业资源协定。马尼拉方面迄今对此兴趣不大,原因是,它担心北京动怒。菲律宾只同北京有正式外交关系。如果其它国家同台北签订协议,北京会作出极其敏感的反应,因为,它视台湾为一个暂时分离的省份。……通过(与台湾签订的)这一协定,东京得以阻止北京和台北之间形成同盟关系。而菲律宾同北京之间的力量对比关系则明显失衡。现在,菲律宾人已经难以在南中国海向以咄咄逼人姿态出现的中国还以颜色,因而寻求联合国的帮助。”

Two Chinese surveillance ships which sailed between a Philippines warship and eight Chinese fishing boats to prevent the arrest of Chinese fishermen in the Scarborough Shoal, a small group of rocky formations whose sovereignty is contested by the Philippines and China, about 124 nautical miles off the Philippine island of Luzon, are seen in the South China Sea in this April 10, 2012 file photo. China withdrew one of three ships engaged in a standoff with Philippines vessels in a disputed area of the South China Sea on April 13, 2012 as both sides pursued talks to defuse the dispute. REUTERS/Philippine Army Handout/Files (PHILIPPINES - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY MARITIME) FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
战舰在南中国海上游弋图像来源: Reuters

文章指出,菲律宾尚且如此,地位更弱的台湾的活动空间便更加有限:

“台湾没有这样的可能性。中华民国—这是它的正式称呼—目前只受到23个国家的外交承认,因中国的否决而被排除在大的国际组织之外,在外交上相当孤立。作为最密切盟友的美国对台湾的支持也以不严重损害同中国之间的更重要的关系为界限。中国通过官方媒体建议(台湾),共同对付菲律宾。然而,台湾人对这一拥抱的忧虑几乎等同于对(国际)孤立的忧虑。”

布鲁塞尔式贸易保护

《法兰克福汇报》继续关注欧中之间新近以光伏产业为代表的商贸纠纷,担心争议演变成贸易战。该报周二(5月14日)刊登的一篇署名文章批评欧盟采取贸易保护主义的做法,指出,最终受害者将是普通纳税人:

A Chinese paramilitary police officer reacts to having his photograph taken in front of the image of the European Union (EU) flag at the EU embassy in Beijing, China, 02 November 2007. EU officials are proposing increased anti-dumping measures following continued accusations that China is engaging in unfair trade practices, causing friction in bilateral relations. EU steel producers and textile manufacturers claim China hoards an enormous trade surplus while maintaining strict trade barriers. The EU is China's largest trading partner, ahead of the US and Japan, as Chinese exports to the EU increased nearly 21 percent year-on-year in 2006, according to the European Commission. EPA/MICHAEL REYNOLDS +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
欧中其实均不愿发生贸易战图像来源: picture-alliance / dpa

“反倾销程序一类手段在现代世界已然过时。就像其它多数商品一样,目前,光伏电池板的生产分布全球,欧盟市场的封闭几乎总会间接影响到欧洲自己的供应商。……欧委会未来还要扩大这一手段,甚至是在没有工业界起诉的情况下启动反倾销程序,这就更令人费解。因为,如此一来,该程序会超过以往,更易于蜕变成一种贸易保护主义工具。欧盟机构惯称自己是自由贸易主义者,但在具体实践上,仅有口头表示于事无补。对那些将与美国的谈判视为启动世界市场进一步开放的人而言,这该是一种警示。相关的谈判情形相若。出现一个以中国为敌的堡垒,并非不可能。”

摘编:凝炼

责编:叶宣

[摘编自其它媒体,不代表德国之声观点]