1. Tsallake zuwa shafin jadawali
  2. Tsallake zuwa jadawalin abubuwan da shiri ya kunsa
  3. Tsallake zuwa karin wasu shafukan DW

Hukumar da ke zaben shugaban Amirka

Jon Shelton ATB/MNA
November 2, 2020

Tsarin zababbun wakilai na jihohi da ake kira Electoral College wani bangare mai muhimmanci a zaben Amirka, bisa tsarin mulkin Amirka kuri'arsu ne ke yanke hukuncin wanda zai zama shugaban kasa.

https://p.dw.com/p/3klEM
USA North Caroline | Zertifikat des Electoral College
Hoto: Jonathan Drake/REUTERS

A shekarar 1787 aka shigar da wannan daftari na tsarin zababbun wakilai na jihohi wato Electoral Colleg, cikin kundin tsarin mulkin Amirka. A yanzu wannan rukuni na da wakilai 538 wadanda ake zaba a matsayin 'yan delegate inda kowace jiha ke da wakilai daidai da yawan wakilan da take da su a majalisun dokoki na wakilai da kuma dattijai.

Jiha mafi karancin jama'a Wyoming na da wakilai uku yayin da jiha mafi yawan jama'a wato California ke da wakilai 55. Farfesa Ken Kollman masanin kimiyar siyasa a jam'iar Michigan ya yi karin haske.

"A hakika abin da ake yi shi ne idan ka jefa kuri'a a zaben shugaban kasar Amirka, ka kada kuri'ar zaben wakilai ne da za su wakilci jiha a zabe. Saboda haka idan ka zabi jam'iyyar Republican ko Democrat rukuni ka zaba na wakilai a jam'iyyun biyu wadanda su ne ake kira Electoral College. Su ne kuma za su hadu bayan kammala zaben gama gari su kada kuri'ar zaben shugaba kasa."

Bayani cikin Ingilishi yadda aikin Electoral College yake
Bayani cikin Ingilishi yadda aikin Electoral College yake

Wannan tsari ya ba da dama ga duk wanda ya lashe kuri'un wakilai na delegates a Jihohi 48 da rinjayen kuri'un wakilai 270 ya lashe zaben shugaban kasa maimakon rinjaye na yawan kuri'u a kasa baki daya.

Irin wannan ya faru har sau biyu a baya a jam'iyyar Republican da George W Bush da kuma Donald Trump inda suka lashe zaben Amirka a shekara ta 2000 da kuma 2016 duk da cewa ba su sami rinjayen kuri'u a zaben kasa baki daya ba.

Masu goyon bayan wannan tsari dai na cewa hakan yana tilastawa 'yan takara su ziyarci ko ina a fadin kasa ba wai kawai jihohi da ke da yawan jama'a ba. Yayin da masu adawa da tsarin su kuma ke cewa yana tauye kuri'un miliyoyin jama'a sannan babu daidaito wajen la'akari da yankunan karkara da ba su da yawan jama'a a cewar Farfesa Ken Kollman.

"Fiye da rabin jihohi suna da tasiri ta hanyar wakilan masu zabe na Electoral College fiye da yadda suke da tasiri a zaben gama gari."

Sai dai kuma Farfesa Kollman ya ce tsarin na delegate ko Electoral College ya raba kan kasar tsakanin shiyyoyi bisa tafarkin jam'iyyu.

"Ina tsammanin tambayar da ke gaban Amirka ita ce yaya jam'iyyar Repiblican za ta dore bayan Trump? Saboda Trump ya karkata jam'iyyar Republican zuwa wacce ta ware kanta, saboda haka batun shi ne shin jam'iyyar za ta tsaya a haka ko kuwa za ta koma matsayin da take shekaru biyar zuwa shida da suka wuce? Idan har Republican ta tsaya a haka bisa tafarkin Trump dundundun to kuwa yiwuwar su sami wani matsayi a tarayya yana da kamar wuya."

Majalisun dokokin Amirka ke tattara kuri'un Electoral College don tabbatar da zababben shugaban kasa
Majalisun dokokin Amirka ke tattara kuri'un Electoral College don tabbatar da zababben shugaban kasaHoto: Yin Bogu/Photoshot/picture alliance

Kuri'un da wakilan delegates din za su kada za a mika su ga zaman hadaka na majalisar wakilai da majalisar dattijai wadanda za su zauna a makon farko na watan Janairu kuma mataimakin shugaban kasa mai ci shi zai sanar da sunan wanda ya yi nasara a matsayinsa na shugaban majalisar dattijan.

Za a yi wannan ne a ranar 6 ga watan Janairu 2021, aikin da ya fada kan mataimakin shugaban kasa Mike Pence.