Bajamushe na farko da ya fara magana da Hausa

Game da batun cewar ko wane Bajamushe ne ya fara iya magana da Hausa? To a iya binciken da muka yi, ba mu iya samo ainihin Bajamushen da za a ce shi ne ya fara magana da Hausa ba. Amma dai tun a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 ne, wani Bajamushe manazarcin falsafar harshe da kuma gwagwarmayar yaɗa Addinin kirista mai suna Reverend Jacob Friedrich Schön, ya duƙufa wajen bincike game da harshen na Hausa.

Reverend Jacob dai an haife shi a yankin Oberweiler da yanzu ake kira Badenweiler da ke nan ƙasar Jamus a shekarar 1803. kuma ya rasu a shekarar 1889 a birnin Chathamna ƙasar Birtaniya.

A shekarar 1841, ƙungiyar yaɗa Addinin Kirsta a nahiyar Afirka ta waccan lokaci ta tura shi tare da Samuel Crowther don su wakilce ta wajen gangamin kawo ƙarshen cinikin bayi a bakin kogin Neja tare da tabbatar da zaman lafiya da yaɗa Addinin Kirista da kuma wayar da kan al'ummar Afirka. Baya ga wannan aiki da aka sanya su, waɗannan mutane biyu kuma sun kasance masu sha'awar koyon harsunan da ba nasu ba.

Reverend Jacob da kuma Mr.Crowther cikin wata mujallar da ta bayyana irin gwagwarmayar aikin mishan da suka gudanar, wadda Ƙungiyar Yaɗa Addinin Kirista ta Turawan Mishan ta wallafa a shekarar 1802, sun nuna cewar wannan aiki da suka yi ya ba su damar fahimtar harsunan al'ummar Afirka da ke zaune a gefunan kogin Neja da ma cikin Afirkan kanta. Domin in ji su, ba za su cimma buri ba har sai sun iya magana da harsunan al'ummar wajen don isar da saƙon da suke ɗauke da shi.

Kazalika a cikin ita dai wannan mujalla, shi Reverend Jacob sai da ya shafe shekaru goma yana wannan aiki na yaƙi da cinikin bayi da kuma kira zuwa Addinin Kirista a ƙasar Saliyo. Hakan in ji mujallar ya ƙarawa Jacob samun damar nazartar ɗabi'u da kuma Harsunan al'ummar Afirka ciki kuwa har da harshen na Hausa da ya zama jagaban sauran harsunan nahiyar.

Shi kuwa Mr.Samuel Crowther dama ɗan Afirka ne mai shekaru talatin da uku a lokacin. Kuma ya fito daga wani yanki da ake kira Eyo da ke bakin gaɓar kogin na Neja.Turawan Portugal ne suka saye shi a matsayin bawa, a shekarar 1821, lokacin yana ɗan shekara 11. Daga bisani Turawan Birtaniya suka ƙwace shi a matsayin ganimar yaƙi, sannan suka kutsa kai da shi zuwa ƙasar Saliyo, al'amarin da ya sanya shi zama ƙarƙashin kulawar ƙungiyar mishan ɗin, a wannan ƙasa. Hakan ya yi matuƙar taimaka masa wajen shaƙuwa da mutanen ƙasar ta Saliyo.

Kasancewar sa baƙi kuma ga shi ya zo tare da Turawan mishan wannan ƙasa, ya sanya sau tari ake gayyatar ƙungiyar tasu zuwa Saliyo don wa'azin Addinin Kirista. Shi kuwa bishop ɗin babbar mujami'ar ƙungiyar da ke birnin London sai kawai ya riƙa tura musu Mr.Crowther ganin cewar ya zama ɗan gida a wurin mutanen ƙasar ta Saliyo.

Zancen nan da ake dai akwai littafin falsafar luggar Hausa da Mr.Crowther ya wallafa a shekarar 1862. Da kuma kundin littafin ƙamus na Hausa wanda ya rubuta a shekarar 1876. Sannan, ya kuma rubuta wani littafi da yake ɗauke da karin magana da kuma hikayoyin Hausa a shekarar 1885.

Bincike dai ya tabbatar da cewar tun a shekarar 1885 ne ake koyar da harshen Hausa a ƙetaren nahiyar Afirka. Kuma kwas ɗin farko da aka fara yi game da harshen Hausa a lokacin an gudanar da shi ne a birnin Berlin na ƙasar Jamus.

Yau dai an wayi gari cewar ana koyar da harshen Hausa yadda ya kamata a Jami'o'in Duniya da ke da sassan nazarin harsunan Afirka.

Mawallafi: Abba Bashir

Edita: Thomas Mösch

Tushen bincike:

Hausa language. (2009). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 10, 2009, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online

Jacob Friedrich Schön. (2009) in Meyers Lexikon. Retrieved March 15,2009, from Meyers Lexikon Online

Journals of the Rev. James Frederick Schön and Mr. Samuel Crowther (1842), London: Hatchard and Son, Piccadilly; Nisbet and Co, Berners Street; Seeleys, Fleet Street