Kyautar Nobel ta zaman lafiya ga Afirka

Albert Luthuli ya zama dan Afirka na farko da ya samu kyautar Nobel kan zaman lafiya a shekarar 1960 saboda adawarsa da wariyar launin fata a Afirka ta Kudu. Lokacin da shugaban ANC ya samu kyautar, gwamnati ta haramta jam'iyyarsa ta kuma hana shi tafiya. Bai karbi kyautar ba sai bayan shekara daya. An cire masa takunkumin hana tafiya na kwanaki 10, inda Luthuli ya samu tafiya birnin Oslo.

Archbishop Desmond Tutu ya kasance jagora da ake girmamawa a Afirka ta Kudu. Ya tsaya kan kare hakkin dan Adam da wariyar launin fata. Ya samr da kasa da ta kunshi kowa. A shekarar 1984 ya samu kyautar a birnin Oslo. Ya kasance aboki ga Mandela kuma ana girmama shi a duniya kana yana da hulda da Dalai Lama.

Hoton ya yi suna a duniya: Lokacin da jagoran yaki da banbancin launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu Nelson Mandela ya fito daga gidan fursuna a 1990 bayan shekaru 27 yana tsare, Afirka ta Kudu ta samu kanta. Lokaci ne na tarihi. Rashin nuna gazawa ya janyo kafa tsarin dimukuradiyya a 1994. Shekara daya gabanin haka, Mandela da Shugaba Fredrik Willem de Klerk sun samu kyautar Nobel.

Karfin hali da dauriya su ne manufa: Dan gwagwarmaya Nelson Mandela da Shugaba Fredrik Willem de Klerk sun samu kyautar Nobel kan zaman lafiya a 1993 gabanin Mandela ya zama shugaban kasa bakar fata na farko. An samu juyin-juya hali na tsanaki da Afirka ta Kudu ta koma tafarkin dimukuraddiyya.

Kofi Annan ya kasance jakadan zaman lafiya. Jami'in diplomasiyya daga kasar Ghana kana Sakatare Janar na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, tare da majalisar suka samu kyautar a shekara ta 2001 sakamakon sadaukar da kai wajen samar da zaman lafiya a duniya. Koda yake daga bisani ya amince da gazawa wajen hana kisan kare dangi na Ruwanda.

A shekara ta 2004 mace bakar fata ta farko ta samu kyautar Nobel kan zaman lafiya: Wangari Maathai, farfesa daga kasar Kenya ta yi gwagwrmaya ga mata da yaki da talauci a kasarta. Mataimakiyar ministan kula da muhalli, ana yi mata taken "Uwar Itatuwa." Ta yi murna tare da yin rubutu mai taken "Na dasa itatuwa."

A shekara ta 2011 mata uku aka girmama: Shugaba Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf ta Laberiya (a hannun dama) da mai kare hakkin dan Adam Leymah Gbowee (a tsakiya) dukkansu daga Laberiya, sai kuma Tawakkul Karman 'yar jarida daga Yemen (a hannun hagu). Matan biyu daga Laberiya an girmama su saboda aikin ceton kasar daga yakin basasa.

Likita dan Kwango mai kare hakkin dan Adam Denis Mukwege ya mayar da taimakon matan da aka ci zarafi hanyar rayuwa. Likitan matan ya shafe shekaru a matsayin babban likitan asibitin Panzi a Bukavu, wanda ya kafa a shekarar 1999. Ya saka fata da karfafa gwiwar matan da aka ci zarafinsu. A shekara ta 2018 aka ba shi kyautar tare da Nadia Murad 'yar Yazidi daga Siriya.

Firaminista Abiy Ahmed na Habasha yana da dalilan yin murna: Ya girmama tsarin zaman lafiya da makwabciyar kasar Iritiriya. Ya samar da tsarin sasantawa da juna a cikin kasarsa, duk da cewa akwai wahala. Yana karfafa gwiwa kan sauye-sauye tsakanin kabilun Habasha. Ranar 10 ga watan Disamba Abiy ya karbi kyautar a birnin Oslo.