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Yakin Ukraine ya kara cinikin makiamai

Christoph Hasselbach SB
March 13, 2023

Kasashen Turai suna kara daura damarar yaki sakamakon kutsen da Rasha ta yi a Ukraine, kamar yadda rahoton cibiyar kula da zaman lafiya ta duniya da ke kasar Sweden ya nunar.

https://p.dw.com/p/4Ocvy
Kasuwancin makamai a Turai
Kasuwancin makamai a TuraiHoto: Vitaliy Belousov/SNA/imago

Cibiyar ta nunar da cewa duk shekaru hudu ana iya samun sabon salo na yanayin cinikan makamai. A wannan karo babban abin da ya yi tasiri shi ne yadda cinikin makamai ya fadada tsakanin kasashen Turai. Pieter Wezeman mai bincike a cibiyar ta nazarin zaman lafiya ga abin yake cewa:

"Manyan sauye-sauyen su ne hanyoyin da ake tura makamai tsakanin kasashen duniya, da suka hada da ciniki da taimako, abin da muke gani shi ne duk makamai da ake turawa kasashen Turai sun karu sosai, muna tunanin bukata wajen Amirka ta karu sosai tsakanin kasashen duniya kuma karuwa matuka."

Tsakanin shekara ta 2018 zuwa 2022 an samu raguwar cinikayyan makamai da kashi biyar cikin 100, inda haka yake zama abin maraba, inda aka kwatanta daga shekara ta 2013 zuwa shekara ta 2017. A daya bangaren shigar da makamai zuwa kasashen Turai galibi daga Amirka ya karu da kashi 47 cikin 100, wasu kasashen Turai na kungiyar tsaron NATO sun kara yawan sayan makamai da kimanin kashi 65 cikin 100, babban dalilin haka shi ne yakin da Rasha ta kaddamar kan kasar Ukraine kimanin shekara guda da ta gabata.

Jiragen yaki
Jiragen yakiHoto: picture alliance/dpa/dpa-Zentralbild

Pieter Wezeman mai bincike a cibiyar ta nazarin zaman lafiya da ke kasar Sweden ya ce dabarun Faransa a shekarun da suka gabata sun fara haifar mata da sakamako:

"Sauyin da aka samu ga Faransa na fitar da makamai na da tasiri. Faransa ta saka muhimmancin kan ba da taimako na masana'antun makamai abin da ya nuna cewa an samu nasara a shekaru 10 da suka gabata, haka ya kara yawan makaman da Faransa take fitarwa zuwa kasashen kerere a shekaru 10 da suka gabata."

Su ma kasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet babu karin yawan sayan makamai saboda suna da wuraren kere makamai da suka daga bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Daga shekara ta 2018 zuwa shekara ta 2022 kasar Ukraine tana matsayi na 14 kan cinikin makamai a duniya, amma tun bayan kaddamar da kutsen da Rasha ta yi kan kasar ta Ukraine, yanzu haka kasar ta koma matsayi na uku a duniya sakamakon irin taimakon makamai da take samu daga manyan kasashen duniya.

Sai dai har yanzu Ukraine ba ta samu makamai daga Amirka irin wadanda ake sayar wa kasashe hudu na Kuwait, Saudiyya, Qatar da Japan, saboda jiragen yaki na zamani da kasashen suke saya. a daya bangaren tasirin China wajen sayar da makamai a duniya na ja-da-baya, kamar yadda shugaban gwamnatin Jamus, Olaf Scholz ya nunar lokacin ziyara a kasar Indiya. Pieter Wezeman mai bincike a cibiyar ta nazarin zaman lafiya ga abin da yake gani a kai:

Mai binciken SIPRI Pieter Wezeman
Mai binciken SIPRI Pieter WezemanHoto: privat

"Kasar China ba ta samu nasarar samun tasiri a kasuwar sayar da makamai ba, saboda wasu dalilan ga misali, China ba ta sayar da makamai ga manyan kasashen ba sa dasawa kamar Indiya, wadanda kuma suke da tasiri wajen shigar da makamai kasashensu. Kana China ba ta samu nasarar gasa da kasashen Turai wajen sayar da makamai a kasashen yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya ba, musamman na Larabawa. Haka kuma China ba ta samu shiga tsakanin kasashen kamar yadda mutum yake tsammani."

Kasar Amirka dai za ta ci gaba da zama jagora kuma mafi tasiri kan sayar da makamai a duniya, inda Amirka take kera kashi 60 cikin 100 na duk jiragen saman yaki na duniya. Ita ma kasar faransa ta karfafa yawan makaman da take kerawa saboda bukata daga masu saya yayin da Rasha wadda ya dace take matsayi na biyu ta gamu da matukar raguwar masu bukatar sayan makamai daga kasar.