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Tarihi

"Uwar masu fafutukar 'yancin bakar fata a Afirka ta Kudu"

Yusuf Bala Nayaya ZMA
March 7, 2018

An santa a matsayin "uwar masu fafutukar 'yancin bakar fata a Afirka ta Kudu" Charlotte Mannya Maxeke an boye tarihinta da gudunmawar da ta bayar a harkokin da suka shafi ilimin yara da matasa a Afirka ta Kudu.

https://p.dw.com/p/2tqoC
Portrait Charlotte Maxeke
Hoto: Comic Republic

Rayuwarta: 

An haifeta a ranar bakwai ga watan Afrilu 1871 ko 1874 ba kawai shekarar haihuwarta ba ake tantama har ma inda aka haifeta ana tantama. Wasu labaran na cewa an haifeta a Fort Beaufort a Eastern Cape ko Ramokgopa na Polokwane a lardin Limpopo. Ta mutu a ranar 16 ga watan Oktoba na shekarar 1939. Ana yawan tunata da kalmominta na cewa "Ita abokiya ce ga kowa ba ta da abokan gaba".

 

Fagen da ta yi fice: 

Ana tunatar da abubuwa da dama: Murya da Allah Ya ba ta, aikinta a majami'a, fafutukarta a kare hakkin mata da balagar iya magana, uwa uba kuma ita ce mace ta farko 'yar Afirka ta Kudu bakar fata da ta fara samun digiri a jami'a.

 

Jajircewa: 

Maxeke ta kasance cikin na farkon mambobi a jam'iyyar ANC, mace ta farko kuma wani abu da tarihi ya gaza bayyanawa, ta kasance mace ta farko da aka gani a lokacin kaddamar da jam'iyyar ta ANC.

A lokacin yana mataimakin shugaban jam'iyyar ANC Cyril Ramaphosa, da yake jawabi a lokacin bikin kaddamar da aikin tunawa da Maxeke a shekarar 2015 ya ce, ta kasance mai baiwar iya magana wacce sakamakon jawabinta, daya daga cikin shugabannin jam'iyyar ta ANC na farko Reverend Mahabane ya yanke shawarar shiga jam'iyyar bayan kammala jawabanta.

Tun kafin ma wannan, a farkon shekarun 1920 ma'aikatar ilimi a birnin Johannesburg kan kirata ta ba da bayanai kan wasu batutuwa kafin daga bisani a bata aikin wucin gadi na kula da walwala a kotun majistare da ke kula da kananan yara. Wannan mukami ta same shi a lokacin da mata Turawa ma hakan na yi masu wahala.

Charlotte Maxeke ta yi suna bisa abubuwa biyu basira da murya

Kwarin gwiwa: 

A lokacin da take jami'ar Wilberforce a Ohio a Amirka Charlotte Mmakgomo Mannya, tana matashiya wacce ta samu tarbiyya ta mabiya addinin Kirista, ta jagoranci harkokin addini da ya shafi al'amuran 'yan Afirka a majami'ar African Methodist Episcopal (AME) a wannan jami'a ta Wilberforce. Majami'ar 'yan Afirka Amirkawa da ke fafutukar yaki da nuna wariyar launin fata, aikin da har kawo yanzu ke ci gaba da wanzuwa.

Charlotte ta tura wasika zuwa Afirka ta Kudu da kawunta wanda babban mamba ne a majami'ar Methodist, inda aka kulla aikin majami'a a Afirka ta Kudu a shekarar 1896.

 

Kalamanta: 

(Daya cikin jawabanta da Zubeida Jaffer ta gano): "… Bara na fada maku 'yan mata kyawu na zuciya da halayya ta gari sune za su biku har kabari. Kyau abu ne na alfahari idan aka hada shi da abubuwa masu kyau. Ku yi kokari ku kare mutuncinku...".

Ga maza ta ce: "Muna bukatar maza da za su ceci matasan mata a kasashensu wadanda za mu iya alfahari da kasancewarsu kusa da mu; muna bukatar maza masu mutunci ta yadda kasa za ta dagasu, su zama taurari na Afirka a nan gaba. Wannan ne abin da Afirka ke so. Wannan shi ne abin da matan Afirka ke kuka da yin addu'a a kansu."

 

Abin da ta bari: 

Aiyukan Charlotte Mannya Maxeke sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sauya makomar matan Afirka. "Kasancewarta mace daya bakar fata da ta samu ilimi sosai a Afirka ta Kudu" (Hastings Kamuzu Banda) da neman mutuntawa da ta nema daga shugabanni a Afirka da Turai a wancan lokaci, hakan ya yi tasiri ba kawai ga matan ba "har da maza da suka zama jagorori" (Cyril Ramaphosa) ta yadda aka samu karfin gwiwa ta fuskar ilimi da jajircewa wajen neman hanyar dogaro da kai a Afirka ta Kudu.

 

Wadanda suka yi hidima wajen hada labarin: Jackie Wilson da Julia Jaki da Philipp Sandner. Shiri na musamman "Tushen Afirka" aiki ne na hadin gwiwa tsakanin DW da Gidauniyar Gerda Henkel.