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Waiwaye akan sake hade Jamus a ranar 3 ga watan oktoban 1990

Mohammad Nasiru AwalOctober 1, 2005

Shekaru goma sha biyar da sake hade kasashen Jamus Ta Yamma da Jamus Ta Gabas

https://p.dw.com/p/BvZF
Zanga-zangar ranar hadewar Jamus
Zanga-zangar ranar hadewar JamusHoto: AP

Jamus ta kasance kusan shekaru 40 a rabe lokacin da tsohon shugaban Amirka Ronald Reagan a wata ziyara da ya kai gaban katangar yankin yammacin birnin Berlin a watan yunin 1987 yayi kira ga Gorbachev da ya rushe katangar.

An dai yi maraba da wannan kira amma ba´a sanya wani dogon buri ba. Ko da yake a wancan lokaci iskar demukiradiyya ta fara kadawa a gabashin Turai musamman a makwabtan tshuwar JTG ciki har da TS, amma duk da haka shugaban jam´iyar ´yan kwaminis a JTG Erich Honecker yaki mika kai ga sauye sauyen, inda ma a watan janerun 1989 yayi wata barazana da cewa.

“Katangar zata saura har nan da shekaru 50 ko 100 masu zuwa, muddin ba´a kawad da dalilan da suka sa aka gina ta ba.”

A wannan shekara kuwa kimanin kashi 3 cikin 100 na Jamusawan yammacin kasar suka yi imanin cewa zasu ga faduwar katangar. To amma ba zato ba tsammani abubuwa suka dauki sabon salo, inda aka samu karin ´yan JTG dake kwarara zuwa ketare sannan na cikin gida kuma suka yi ta gudanar da jerin zanga-zangar yin kira da a aiwatar da canje-canjen siyasa. Hakan ya sa a farkon watan nuwamban 1989 hukumomi a gabashin Berlin hanzarta kafa dokar rage yin tafiya zuwa wajen kasar. To amma a wani jawabi da yayi a ranar 9 ga watan na nuwamba wakilin gwamnati Günter Schabowski ya kuskure, inda ya fadawa al´umar JTG cewa gwamnati ta kafa dokar ba wa kowa ´yancin fita wajen kasar ba da wani takunkumi ba. A wannan dare kuwa hukumar kula da kan iyakokin JTG ta rushe sakamakon kwararar dubun dubatan ´yan gabashin kasar zuwa gaban katangar Berlin. To amma duk da haka an jiyo wasu daga cikin jami´an gwamnati na yin kira da a yankewa wadanda suka kira maciya amanar kasa hukuncin kisa, saboda rawar da suka taka wajen rushewar JTG.

Faduwar katangar dai wata nasara ce ta bazata ga dukkan wadanda suka shiga jerin zanga-zangar a biranen Leipzig, Berlin, Dresden da dai sauransu. Wadannan mutane sun samu karfin guiwa ne daga irin wannan zanga-zanga ta ´yan kungiyar Solidarity ta Poland da masu neman canji a Hungary da kuma na Gornachev. Faduwar katangar ce kuwa ta bude hanyar sake hadewar Jamus, domin rashin katangar ya yi sanadiyar rushewar mulkin kwaminisanci a JTG tare da yin kira da a hade kasashen Jamusawan biyu.

Kawance jam´iyar masu goyon bayan hade kan Jamus karkashin jagorancin jam´iyar CDU a gabashin kasar ta lashe zaben gama gari na farko da aka gudanar a JTG.

Tuni kuwa shugaban gwamnati a yammacin kasar wato Helmut Kohl dan jam´iyar Chiristian Democrat ya gane halin da ake ciki, kuma gwamnatinsa tare da goyon bayan dukkan jam´iyu a majalisar dokoki ta fara tattaunawa da sabbin hukumomin JTG da daulolin da suka yi nasara a yakin duniya na biyu da zummar sake hade Jamus. Kohl ya tabbatarwa makwabtan Jamus na Turai da kuma duniya cewa:

“Jamusawa mun koyi darasi daga abubuwan da suka wakana. Mu ma su kaunar zaman lafiya ne da da walwala. Ba zamu taba sakarwa wasu makiya zaman lafiya da walwala ´yancin mu demukiradiyya ba. Manufar mu ita ce kaunar kasarmu da wanzuwar zaman lafiya tsakaninmu da makwabtanmu.”

Ba da wani dadewa ba dukkan kasashen da suka yi nasara a yakin duniya na biyu wato TS, Amirka, Birataniya da Faransa suka amince da sake hadewar kasashen Jamusawa bisa sharadin amincewa da iyakar koguna Oder da Neisse a matsayin kan iyaka da Poland.

A lokacin bazarar 1990 aka gabatar da takardun kudi na DM a gabashin Jamus sannan a cikin watan agustan wannan shekara majalisar al´umar JTG ta yanke shawarar hadewar da JTY a karkashin wata yarjejeniya mai shafuka 1100, sannan a ranar 3 ga watan oktoban shekarar 1990 aka yi bikin sake hadewar Jamus a matsayin kasa daya al´uma daya.