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Hugo Chavez - Msoshalisti wa karne ya 21

Josephat Nyiro Charo7 Machi 2013

Rais wa Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, amefariki dunia baada ya kuugua ugonjwa wa saratani kwa miaka miwili. Juhudi za kuyaokoa maisha yake hazikufaulu, licha ya kufanyiwa upasuaji mara kadhaa nchini Cuba.

https://p.dw.com/p/17r6F
COPENHAGEN, DENMARK - DECEMBER 16: Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez gestures as he speaks to delegates at the Climate Change Conference on December 16, 2009 in Copenhagen, Denmark. Politicians and environmentalists are meeting for the United Nations Climate Change Conference 2009 that runs until December 18. Some of the participating nation's leaders will attend the last days of the summit. (Photo by Peter Macdiarmid/Getty Images)
Venezuela Hugo Chavez SWPicha: Getty Images

Hugo Chavez alijiona kama mwanamapinduzi na mkombozi - wakosoaji wake walimuona kama mtu mjeuri na mkaidi. Kiongozi huyo wa Venezuela amefariki kutokana na ugonjwa wa saratani akiwa na umri wa miaka 58. "Bado hapa pananuka kama salfa, " alisema Hugo Chavez Septemba mwaka 2006 kwenye jukwaa la kutoa hotuba kwenye ukumbi wa baraza kuu la Umoja wa Mataifa. " Shetani alikuwa hapa jana. Na alizungumza kana kwamba dunia anaimiliki yeye." Alikuwa akimzungumzia rais wa Marekani wakati huo, George W. Bush.

Hugo Chavez alijulikana sana kwa maneno yake makali ya wazi kabisa na sitiari za kuvutia. Hotuba zake kali na za kusisimua zilielekezwa kwa kiwango kikubwa kwa Marekani na ubepari wake katika Amerika Kaskazini. Kupitia kauli zake dhidi ya nadharia ya uliberali mamboleo, aliikonga mioyo sio tu ya wapigaji kura wake, bali pia wafuasi wa mirengo ya shoto kote ulimwenguni. Kwa wengi Chavez alikuwa mtu mtakatifu na maarufu kwa vyombo vya habari, twasira aliyoijenga kupitia kipindi chake cha televisheni. Bila shaka kilimsaidia katika amali yake ya siasa. Kumshutumu kwa kucheza karata zake za kisiasa vizuri itakuwa ni kutomfanyia haki. Chavez alikuwa na ndoto, na maisha yake kabla kuingia katika ulingo wa siasa yalimsaidia sana kuyafanya maneno yake makali kusadikika.

Mtu wa watu

Ingawa hakuitwa 'Caudillo' - neno linalotumiwa kuwaeleza viongozi wa Amerika Kusini wanaotawala kwa mkono wa chuma, Hugo Chavez ni miongoni mwa orodha ndefu ya viongozi wa kijeshi ambao wametawala maeneo makubwa ya Amerika Kusini tangu vita vya kupigania uhuru miaka 200 iliyopita. Hakuna mahala popote ambapo viongozi hao 'Caudillo' walitawala kikamilifu kama maeneo ya chini ya mto muhimu wa Venezuela wa Orinoco. Hapa ndipo Chavez alipozaliwa mnamo Julai 28 mwaka 1954.

REFILE - QUALITY REPEAT Venezuela's President Hugo Chavez holds a copy of the newspapers as his daughters, Rosa Virginia (R) and Maria watch while recovering from cancer surgery in Havana in this photograph released by the Ministry of Information on February 15, 2013. Venezuela's government published the first pictures of cancer-stricken Chavez since his operation in Cuba more than two months ago, showing him smiling while lying in bed reading a newspaper, flanked by his two daughters. The 58-year-old socialist leader had not been seen in public since the Dec. 11 surgery, his fourth operation in less than 18 months. The government said the photos were taken in Havana on February 14, 2013. REUTERS/Ministry of Information/Handout (VENEZUELA - Tags: POLITICS PROFILE HEALTH) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
Chavez akiwa hospitalini na mtoto wake wa kikePicha: Reuters

Miezi sita ya joto na sita ya mvua na mafuriko hadi mita moja, ndiyo mambo yanayopatikana katika eneo hili na kuyaathiri maisha ya wakazi wake. Wafugaji mifugo, ambao historia yao ya machafuko na maadili yaliyoporomoka, yanafaa kabisa katika eneo hili na kuongeza utamu katika utambulisho wa watu wa Venezuela na kuchangia kwa nyimbo za kitamaduni.

Wazazi wa Chavez walikuwa waalimu waliowahimiza watoto wao waikumbatie elimu kama njia ya kupata maisha bora. Mtoto wao wa kiume, Hugo, alijiunga na shule ya sayansi ya jeshi, ambako alikuwa na shauku kubwa ya masuala ya siasa wakati wa masomo yake. Baada ya kufuzu alijiunga na jeshi na mwaka 1983, akiwa na umri wa miaka 30, yeye pamoja na maafisa wengine wakaunda Jeshi la Mapinduzi la Bolivia 200 "EBR - 200". Jina hilo lilikuwa likimzungumzia "El Libertador," Simon Bolivar, ambaye peke yake aliyakomboa maeneo ya Amerika Kusni kutoka kwa viongozi wa kikoloni wa Uhispania - na ambaye kanuni zake na maisha Chavez aliziunga mkono.

Kwa kuwa hakuridhishwa na itikadi za kisiasa ambazo kwa uwazi zilipuuza mahitaji ya umma, kundi la Chavez lilifanya jaribio la mapinduzi mnamo mwaka 1992 dhidi ya rais wa Venezuela wakati huo, Carlos Perez, ambalo halikufaulu. Chavez alitupwa gerezani, lakini si kwa muda mrefu. Baadaye rais Perez alishtakiwa, na mrithi wake, Rafael Caldera, akamuachia huru Hugo Chavez mwaka 1994.

epa02784523 Handout picture made available on 18 June 2011 shows former Cuban President Fidel Castro (L) and his brother and current Cuban leader Raul Castro (R) visiting Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez (C) who has had a hip operation at a hospital in La Habana, Cuba, 17 June 2011. EPA/CUBADEBATE / HANDOUT EDITORIAL USE ONLY/NO SALES +++(c) dpa - Bildfunk+++
Chavez, katikati, Fidel Castro, kushoto, na Raul CastroPicha: picture alliance/dpa

Chavez alifanya juhudi za kuanzisha miungano ya kisiasa ndani ya Amerika Kusini na kukutana na viongozi mbalimbali akiwemo kiongozi wa Cuba, Fidel Castro. Mwaka 1996, Chavez alianzisha chama kilichoegemea siasa za mrengo wa shoto, "The Fifth Republican Movement" ili aweze kugombea urais katika uchaguzi wa mwaka 1998.

Rais wa masikini

Chavez alipata umaarufu kwa haraka, ingawa mwanzoni alichukuliwa kama mtu kutoka nje. Aliugeuza ujumbe wake wa sera za kisoshalisti kuwa lugha ya watu masikini na kuikonga mioyo yao. Kwa mara ya kwanza baada ya kujaribu mara nne, na kupata wingi mkubwa wa kura, Chavez alichaguliwa kuwa rais wa Venezuela.

Bila kupoteza wakati alianza kuchapa kazi mara tu alipoingia madarakani. Serikali yake ilizitaifisha sekta muhimu za uchumi, hasa ile ya mafuta. Mapato kutokana na mauzo ya mafuta yalitumiwa kugharamia miradi ya kijamii, kuhakikisha masikini wanapata msaada wa matibabu na kulipia gharama za elimu kwa ajili ya watoto. Mwaka wa 2001 aliifanyia mageuzi sheria ya umiliki wa ardhi ili kuhakikisha ardhi ambayo ilikuwa haitumiki, inatumiwa. Hadi sasa hekta takriban milioni tano zinamilikiwa na serikali na zimetengwa kwa ajili ya wakulima masikini na wafugaji wa mifugo.

Mwandishi: Josephat Charo/dw.de/english

Mhariri: Bruce Amani