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「訊號」和疑問

2013年7月10日

前鐵道部長劉志軍因腐敗罪被判死緩,可能是中國新領導層「蒼蠅、老虎一起打」政策的最新事例。德語媒體指出,對劉志軍的判決可被視為一個「訊號」。

https://p.dw.com/p/195GN
In this image made from China Central Television video, former Chinese Railways Minister Liu Zhijun attends his sentencing at a courtroom at Beijing No. 2 Intermediate People's Court in Beijing Monday, July 8, 2013. The official Xinhua News Agency said Liu was sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve by a court in Beijing on Monday. Such sentences usually are commuted to life in prison with good behavior. Liu, 60, who oversaw the ministry's high-profile bullet train development, was accused of taking massive bribes and steering lucrative projects to associates. Chinese characters at bottom reads "Former Railway Minister Liu Zhijun sentencing," "Taking bribes and abuse of power sentenced to suspended death sentence." (AP Photo/CCTV via AP Video) CHINA OUT, TV OUT pixel
圖片來源: picture-alliance/AP

(德國之聲中文網)中國鐵道部歷來屬於強力部門,其首長有相當權力,因而也易於撈足油水。有一派意見認為,2003年至2011年擔任鐵道部長的劉志軍在鐵路事業上,尤其是為中國高鐵業現代化方面,出力不少,可謂「沒有功勞,也有苦勞」。本周一,北京第二中級法院以腐敗罪和瀆職罪判處劉志軍死刑,緩期兩年,沒收其個人全部財產。《新蘇黎世報》國際欄目上的一篇文章指出,對劉志軍的判決是北京當局發出的又一個「反腐」訊號,但這個相對而言較輕的量刑同時也留下若干疑問:

「在中國,額度超過10萬元(相當於1.5萬瑞士法郎)的腐敗行為可獲死刑。部長所屬的最高層面的官員中迄今只有極少數人被執行過死刑。劉當能免於一死,而且,還可能就像在其他案子中所發生的那樣,出於健康原因提前獲釋。即使如此,這一判決也是黨和國家領導人習近平所號召的反腐鬥爭中發出的一個訊號。劉成了一個極好的例子,可以說明,不只是下層官員,而且,最高層官員也可能成為反腐鬥爭的對象。不過,對劉的處理髮生於上一屆黨首執政期間,與習的運動沒有多少關係。這一點也同樣適用於前重慶市委書記薄熙來案。在此案上,數月來動靜全無。

In this TV grab, Liu Zhijun, second right, former Minister of Railways, is escorted by police officers to a trial on charges of bribery and abuse of power at the Beijing No.2 Intermediate Peoples Court in Beijing, China, 9 June 2013. Chinas former railways minister Liu Zhijun stood trial in a court in Beijing on Sunday (9 June 2013) on charges of bribery and abuse of power. According to the indictment by the Second Branch of Beijing Peoples Procuratorate, Liu had taken advantage of his position and helped 11 people in promotion and winning project contracts, and accepted 64.6 million yuan (US$10.53 million) in bribes from them between 1986 to 2011. During his tenure as the railways minister, Liu helped Ding Yuxin and her relatives to win cargo transportation and railway construction contracts. He also helped Ding in the acquisition of shares in a company and with enterprise financing, by breaking regulations and playing favoritism, which allowed Ding Yuxin and her family to reap huge profits, according to the indictment.
北京市第二中級人民法院7月8日以腐敗罪和瀆職罪判處前鐵道部長劉志軍死緩兩年。圖片來源: picture-alliance/dpa

「正因為其訊號功用,劉的倒台和被判決留下某種疑問。這位曾因其實施的項目而廣受讚揚的前部長也是一個犧牲品,因為,在他主管的領域,腐敗是公開現象,而他成功地在鐵道部門牢牢掌控了許多人夢寐以求要打破的權力。……

「腐敗在這個制度內極普遍,如果黨的領導層真心反腐,就該還有一系列象劉(或薄)這樣的案件被揭露出來。劉能在25年的時間裡在更高層不可能不知情的背景下貪污數百數千萬,僅這一點就足以說明問題。最高層官員對他提供了保護。而媒體報導中所隱約提及的巨大貪款和財產,其細節永遠都不會公開。

「因此,這一審判案難以象黨的機關報《人民日報》的評論員所說的那樣,成為中國司法透明獲進展的一個例子。對劉的審判程序是精心安排的結果。首先是在司法真空地帶活動的黨內調查起了作用。而誰要是在此之後被移交司法當局並被起訴,實際上已經是被定了刑。只要司法還是按照黨的調子在跳舞,(中國)就還不是法治國家。」

Chinese railway employees cleans the new high-speed CRH3 train as its arrived at the Tianjin Railway Station, China, during a trial run on the new Beijing-Tianjin line, Tuesday, July 22, 2008. A new high speed train link between Beijing and Tianjin, where Olympic soccer matches will be played, is scheduled to open on Aug 1. The train, which can run at speeds up to 350 kph, will cut the travel time between the two Olympic cities from 1 hour, 10 minutes to 25-30 minutes. (AP Photo/Andy Wong)
中國高鐵近些年發展迅速圖片來源: AP

下一個是薄熙來?

《南德意志報》政治欄目上的一篇文章把劉志軍審判案與薄熙來案相掛鉤。文章寫道:

「對這位前鐵道部長的嚴厲判決是黨和國家新首腦習近平反腐運動的一部分。早在今年3月,習就打碎了權力很大的鐵道部,將其權責分散給了其他部。在公開講話中,他一再表示,在反腐鬥爭中,既要打蒼蠅(中小官員),也要打老虎(高層官員)。

「對劉的審判程序在中國受到關注的原因還在於,前重慶市委書記薄熙來也將因腐敗和瀆職罪被送上法庭。對2012年下台的這位政界人士的庭審何時開始,尚不清楚。謠傳很多,但都不靠譜。一會兒盛傳,薄在調查拘押期間兩次試圖自殺;一會兒,報刊報導稱,他進行絕食,以示抗議;還有消息說,他曾罹患中風。所有這些都無法查證。」

摘編:凝煉
責編:葉宣

[摘編自其它媒體,不代表德國之聲觀點]