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罗马尼亚总统留任

2012年8月22日

罗马尼亚最高法官宣布,要求总统伯塞斯库下台的全民公投无效。

https://p.dw.com/p/15u1f
Romania's suspended President Traian Basescu addresses the crowd during a rally in Bucharest July 26, 2012. Thousands of Romanians rallied in central Bucharest both for and against Basescu on Thursday, showing the deep divisions in the country before a referendum on his removal from office at the weekend. REUTERS/Bogdan Cristel (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS)
图像来源: Reuters

(德国之声中文网)罗马尼亚围绕总统的争议已持续近两个月。7月初,议会宣布总统伯塞斯库(Traian Basescu )暂时停职。如今,伯塞斯库得以重返总统府。周二(8月21日),该国宪法法院作出裁决,7月29日有关伯塞斯库下台的全民公投因参与率过低而无效。

罗马尼亚临时总统安东内斯库(Crin Antonescu)、总理蓬塔(Victor Ponta)尽管一致宣布尊重宪法法院的裁决,但同时称裁决是"不公正"、"不正确的","无视民众意愿"。蓬塔拒绝就与伯塞斯库继续政治合作明确表态。安东内斯库甚至呼吁国民公开抗议宪法法院的裁决。

此前,围绕全民公投的投票率以及公投结果的有效性,也进行了为期数周的争论。根据罗马尼亚宪法,当议会暂停总统职务时,只有选民在公投中多数要求总统下台,这一局面才会出现。在7月29日的公投中,尽管87%的投票者要求伯塞斯库下台,但参与投票的人数仅占全体选民的46%,未达到规定的50%下限。

A Romanian flag waves as people shout anti-presidential slogans and hold signs reading "Down Basescu, Yes for Romania referendum" during a rally promoting the impeachment of suspended President Traian Basescu in Craiova, 248 km (154 miles) west of Bucharest July 20, 2012. Romanian Prime Minister Victor Ponta's government joined forces with parliament earlier this month to suspend Basescu, a conservative, and polls show most Romanians will vote to permanently remove him due to his association with austerity measures and a perception of corruption among his political allies. REUTERS/Radu Sigheti (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST)
7月要求伯塞斯库下台的抗议图像来源: Reuters

宪法法院法官向布鲁塞尔请求帮助

总理蓬塔曾对参选率提出质疑,要求重新统计投票人数。据称,最多有300万在国外的罗马尼亚人没有统计在内。而就在两周前,公投中存在的大桩舞弊案曝光,包括政府将数万人列为"已死亡",借此将他们从选民人数中除去。

甚至宪法法院自身也出现险情。宪法法院院长泽格雷安(Augustin Zegrean)直接向欧盟委员会寻求帮助,因为他认为宪法法院的独立性受到威胁。这在欧盟历史上还是绝无仅有的一次。

Source News Feed: EMEA Picture Service ,Germany Picture Service Romania's Prime Minister Victor Ponta addresses a news conference after meeting European Parliament President Martin Schulz at the EU Parliament in Brussels July 11, 2012. Romania's prime minister assured European leaders on Wednesday that his government was fully committed to democracy and the rule of law after drawing fire for suspending President Traian Basescu by a vote in parliament. REUTERS/Francois Lenoir (BELGIUM - Tags: POLITICS HEADSHOT) /eingest. sc
总理蓬塔图像来源: reuters

罗马尼亚宪法法院的9名法官由议会各党以及总统任命。因此,宪法法院中立场不同的两派阵营之间关系也十分紧张。

要求伯塞斯库下台的新程序

总理蓬塔也尖锐批评伯塞斯库,称他是一位"不合法"、"反民主"的总统。蓬塔称自己领导的政府代表着民众的意愿。临时总统安东内斯库也言辞犀利,称宪法法院玷污民意,政府多数派阵营将"与伯塞斯库政权战斗到底","解放罗马尼亚"。他同时宣布,将启动要求伯塞斯库下台的新程序。

Interim President Crin Antonescu addresses during his first media briefing at Cotroceni presidential palace in Bucharest July 10, 2012. Romania's government is seeking to tighten its grip on power by impeaching president Traian Basescu later this month, and the political uncertainty has unnerved markets and raised doubts over the country's International Monetary Fund deal. REUTERS/Stringer (ROMANIA - Tags: POLITICS CIVIL UNREST) // eingestellt von nis
临时总统安东内斯库图像来源: Reuters

与总统伯塞斯库接近的自由民主党(PDL)则称宪法法院的裁决为"法治国家的胜利"。伯塞斯库最早将于下周二下午表态。罗马尼亚媒体许多评论员指出,伯塞斯库必须清醒地意识到,毕竟在公投中有750万人要求他下台。这位总统在数天前曾宣布,将争取与政府进行建设性的政治合作。他说,罗马尼亚必须学习如何共存。

作者:Keno Verseck 编译:苗子

责编:李鱼