叙利亚北部的棋手和棋子 | 所有节目 | DW | 17.10.2019

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政治

叙利亚北部的棋手和棋子

美军撤离叙利亚北部，库尔德人武装直面土耳其的攻势。叙利亚政府军应库尔德人之邀开进北部，俄军依然是政府军的盟友。他们到底谁是棋手、谁是棋子？关押在库尔德战俘营里的“伊斯兰国”恐怖分子会不会逃之夭夭？内战打了八年的叙利亚，局势依然错综复杂、扑朔迷离。

  • Over the past years, US troops have supported Kurdish fighters as they battled radical Islamic State (IS) militants to take back control of large areas of northern Syria. In what was seen as a surprising turnaround, US President Donald Trump announced in early October that he was withdrawing US troops from the region's border with Turkey. This pullback left a vacuum for others to act and react.

    美军撤退

    过去几年中，美军为库尔德人武装提供支持，协助后者抗击“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织，并且成功控制了叙利亚北部的大片区域。10月初，美国总统特朗普突然宣布美军将撤离与土耳其接壤的地区。这一突然之举，搅乱了叙利亚北部的格局。

  • Trump's troop withdrawal was a de-facto go-ahead for Turkey to launch an offensive into northeast Syria. The region is home to a largely autonomous Kurdish population and Kurdish militants known as the YPG, who are tied to an outlawed Kurdish party in Turkey. Turkey, who has faced a Kurdish insurgency, sees the Syrian Kurds as a threat to its security, hence the military action.

    土军出击

    美军撤离相当于送给土耳其一张出兵许可。叙利亚北部有着大量的库尔德人，现在出于实质上的自治状态。库尔德武装“人民保护军”(YPG)与土耳其境内的“库尔德工人党”有着密切联系，后者被土耳其认为是煽动分裂的恐怖组织。因此，土耳其认为YPG对其国家安全造成了威胁，需要跨境打击。

  • The YPG was one of the US' main allies in the fight to drive out IS from north Syria, but since October it has been fighting the Turkish forces that crossed into Syria. The YPG lacks strong air capabilities and defenses, putting it at a decided disadvantage in comparison to the Turkish army.

    抗击土军

    YPG曾是美军在该地区打击“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织的重要盟友，现在他们直面土耳其大军压境。YPG武装人员缺少防空力量，更无空中力量，在面对装备精良的土耳其军队时，处于绝对劣势。

  • The YPG is the largest component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which also includes Arab and Christian militias. The SDF, which fought IS, controls northeastern Syria and feels betrayed by the US pullback. It is now fighting Turkish troops and their allies. It has warned that the Turkish offensive could distract from making sure IS fighters do not renew their strength in Syria.

    遭到背叛

    YPG是“叙利亚民主力量”(SDF)中最大的一支，除此之外还有阿拉伯、基督徒等团体的民兵武装，目前控制着叙利亚东北部国土。SDF在打击“伊斯兰国”的战斗中作出了重要贡献，现在他们则觉得遭到了美国的背叛。SDF警告，土耳其的攻势会让“伊斯兰国”恐怖分子在该地区死灰复燃。

  • The relationship between Syrian President Bashar Assad's troops and the SDF is a tricky one that shifts between cooperation, live-and-let-live and skirmishes, depending on the current situation. After Turkey launched its offensive, the Kurds struck a deal with the government that saw Syrian troops mobilized to fight the Turkish forces, allowing them to enter a region they had ceded to the SDF.

    默契交易

    多年来，阿萨德政府军与SDF之间的关系十分微妙，既有合作，也有冲突，还有默契。在土耳其发动越境军事行动之后，库尔德人与政府军达成了一项交易，让后者开进北部地区，抗击土军。

  • Russia has consistently backed the government of Syrian President Assad (L, with Putin in 2018) and assisted its forces. After US troops pulled out of the Kurdish areas, Russia moved its troops in to act as a buffer for Syrian government forces advancing towards the Turkish army. Moscow wants Syria to remain united and has accused the US of creating parallel structures in the Kurdish region.

    普京偷笑？

    俄罗斯一直是阿萨德政权的重要盟友。在眼下的乱局中，俄罗斯俨然成了阿萨德政权与土耳其之间的中间人，俄军也迅速开进，成为了叙利亚政府军与土耳其军队之间的缓冲。俄罗斯此前指责美国在北部扶持库尔德人是在分裂叙利亚。

  • Turkey also has allies among Syrian fighters. The Syrian National Army (SNA), also known as the Free Syrian Army, is a Syrian rebel group that has fought against the SDF and Assad's government. Backed by Turkey, SNA fighters took part in previous Turkish offensives against Kurdish militias inside Syria. Currently, thousands of SNA fighters are fighting the YPG alongside Turkish forces.

    土军盟友

    土耳其在叙利亚境内也有盟友：叙利亚国民军(SNA)。这个武装组织脱胎于前些年的叙利亚反对派武装“自由叙利亚军”，他们既与阿萨德政府军为敌，也打击库尔德人为主的SDF。在土耳其的协助下，SNA武装人员现在也在攻击库尔德人武装。

  • One possible future actor is IS. While it was essentially defeated in March 2019, tens of thousands of its fighters and their families remain in prisons or guarded camps in the Kurdish area of the country. Nearly a thousand alone have already escaped from a camp that was caught in the fighting between Kurdish militias and Turkish forces. Should the situation grow more unstable, IS could regroup.

    死灰复燃?

    恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”有可能再次走向前台。本来，他们已经在今年3月被基本击溃，数万武装人员以及他们的家属被看押在库尔德控制区的俘虏营里。土军发动对库尔德武装的袭击后，估计已经有近千名“伊斯兰国”成员逃离了俘虏营。如果局势进一步混乱，“伊斯兰国”很有可能在该地区重新组织起武装力量。


  • Over the past years, US troops have supported Kurdish fighters as they battled radical Islamic State (IS) militants to take back control of large areas of northern Syria. In what was seen as a surprising turnaround, US President Donald Trump announced in early October that he was withdrawing US troops from the region's border with Turkey. This pullback left a vacuum for others to act and react.

    美军撤退

    过去几年中，美军为库尔德人武装提供支持，协助后者抗击“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织，并且成功控制了叙利亚北部的大片区域。10月初，美国总统特朗普突然宣布美军将撤离与土耳其接壤的地区。这一突然之举，搅乱了叙利亚北部的格局。

  • Trump's troop withdrawal was a de-facto go-ahead for Turkey to launch an offensive into northeast Syria. The region is home to a largely autonomous Kurdish population and Kurdish militants known as the YPG, who are tied to an outlawed Kurdish party in Turkey. Turkey, who has faced a Kurdish insurgency, sees the Syrian Kurds as a threat to its security, hence the military action.

    土军出击

    美军撤离相当于送给土耳其一张出兵许可。叙利亚北部有着大量的库尔德人，现在出于实质上的自治状态。库尔德武装“人民保护军”(YPG)与土耳其境内的“库尔德工人党”有着密切联系，后者被土耳其认为是煽动分裂的恐怖组织。因此，土耳其认为YPG对其国家安全造成了威胁，需要跨境打击。

  • The YPG was one of the US' main allies in the fight to drive out IS from north Syria, but since October it has been fighting the Turkish forces that crossed into Syria. The YPG lacks strong air capabilities and defenses, putting it at a decided disadvantage in comparison to the Turkish army.

    抗击土军

    YPG曾是美军在该地区打击“伊斯兰国”恐怖组织的重要盟友，现在他们直面土耳其大军压境。YPG武装人员缺少防空力量，更无空中力量，在面对装备精良的土耳其军队时，处于绝对劣势。

  • The YPG is the largest component of the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), which also includes Arab and Christian militias. The SDF, which fought IS, controls northeastern Syria and feels betrayed by the US pullback. It is now fighting Turkish troops and their allies. It has warned that the Turkish offensive could distract from making sure IS fighters do not renew their strength in Syria.

    遭到背叛

    YPG是“叙利亚民主力量”(SDF)中最大的一支，除此之外还有阿拉伯、基督徒等团体的民兵武装，目前控制着叙利亚东北部国土。SDF在打击“伊斯兰国”的战斗中作出了重要贡献，现在他们则觉得遭到了美国的背叛。SDF警告，土耳其的攻势会让“伊斯兰国”恐怖分子在该地区死灰复燃。

  • The relationship between Syrian President Bashar Assad's troops and the SDF is a tricky one that shifts between cooperation, live-and-let-live and skirmishes, depending on the current situation. After Turkey launched its offensive, the Kurds struck a deal with the government that saw Syrian troops mobilized to fight the Turkish forces, allowing them to enter a region they had ceded to the SDF.

    默契交易

    多年来，阿萨德政府军与SDF之间的关系十分微妙，既有合作，也有冲突，还有默契。在土耳其发动越境军事行动之后，库尔德人与政府军达成了一项交易，让后者开进北部地区，抗击土军。

  • Russia has consistently backed the government of Syrian President Assad (L, with Putin in 2018) and assisted its forces. After US troops pulled out of the Kurdish areas, Russia moved its troops in to act as a buffer for Syrian government forces advancing towards the Turkish army. Moscow wants Syria to remain united and has accused the US of creating parallel structures in the Kurdish region.

    普京偷笑？

    俄罗斯一直是阿萨德政权的重要盟友。在眼下的乱局中，俄罗斯俨然成了阿萨德政权与土耳其之间的中间人，俄军也迅速开进，成为了叙利亚政府军与土耳其军队之间的缓冲。俄罗斯此前指责美国在北部扶持库尔德人是在分裂叙利亚。

  • Turkey also has allies among Syrian fighters. The Syrian National Army (SNA), also known as the Free Syrian Army, is a Syrian rebel group that has fought against the SDF and Assad's government. Backed by Turkey, SNA fighters took part in previous Turkish offensives against Kurdish militias inside Syria. Currently, thousands of SNA fighters are fighting the YPG alongside Turkish forces.

    土军盟友

    土耳其在叙利亚境内也有盟友：叙利亚国民军(SNA)。这个武装组织脱胎于前些年的叙利亚反对派武装“自由叙利亚军”，他们既与阿萨德政府军为敌，也打击库尔德人为主的SDF。在土耳其的协助下，SNA武装人员现在也在攻击库尔德人武装。

  • One possible future actor is IS. While it was essentially defeated in March 2019, tens of thousands of its fighters and their families remain in prisons or guarded camps in the Kurdish area of the country. Nearly a thousand alone have already escaped from a camp that was caught in the fighting between Kurdish militias and Turkish forces. Should the situation grow more unstable, IS could regroup.

    死灰复燃?

    恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”有可能再次走向前台。本来，他们已经在今年3月被基本击溃，数万武装人员以及他们的家属被看押在库尔德控制区的俘虏营里。土军发动对库尔德武装的袭击后，估计已经有近千名“伊斯兰国”成员逃离了俘虏营。如果局势进一步混乱，“伊斯兰国”很有可能在该地区重新组织起武装力量。


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