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拜登的任务

2013年12月2日

美国副总统拜登本周访问日中韩三国。中国划设“东海防空识别区”引发的新争议成为他东亚之行中一个计划外紧迫议题。

https://p.dw.com/p/1ARos
U.S. Navy FA-18 Hornets park on the flight deck of the USS George Washington during the Annual Exercise 2013, at sea November 28, 2013. The USS George Washington took part in a joint military naval drill with Japan on Thursday in waters off southern Japan, just days after it participated in humanitarian relief operations in the Philippines. More than 20 ships and 7,000 U.S. personnel participated in this year's exercise which aims at strengthening ties between the U.S. Navy and the Japan Maritime Self Defence force. While the U.S. Navy would not confirm the exact coordinates, they were able to say the event took place, at one point at least, some 300 km (186 miles) south east of Japan's southern most the islands of Okinawa. This is in the general vicinity, though not within, the new airspace defense zone which China newly established last week. Mandatory credit REUTERS/Kyodo (JAPAN - Tags: MILITARY POLITICS TRANSPORT MARITIME) ATTENTION EDITORS - FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. THIS IMAGE HAS BEEN SUPPLIED BY A THIRD PARTY. IT IS DISTRIBUTED, EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. MANDATORY CREDIT. JAPAN OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN JAPAN. YES
图像来源: Reuters/Kyodo

(德国之声中文网)中国上月底突然宣布划设东中国海防空识别区后,美日韩以及台湾都不仅不予承认,还分别派出战机在相关空域活动,作“例行巡逻飞行”,凸显相关争议激化。12月2日一期《明镜周刊》“国外”栏目发表一篇文章认为,随着中国同众邻居外交纠纷加剧,美国有责任做出努力,一方面安抚北京,一方面给盟友吃定心丸,而拜登副总统的此次东亚三国之行至少在这一点上让各方更加瞩目:

“美国副总统拜登本周访问北京。原计划的是一次同习近平的轻松会晤。而现在,奥巴马的这位副手不能不仔细考虑以下这个问题:远东真的会沦入一场战争?在这场出现了数十年而现在成了燃眉之急的岛屿主权之争中各方到底在追求何物?为阻止局势激化,美国到底能做什么?

Ausschnitt von: Vice President Joe Biden (R) speaks at a news conference before U.S. President Barack Obama unveils a series of proposals to counter gun violence during an event at the White House in Washington January 16, 2013. Biden delivered his recommendations to Obama after holding a series of meetings with representatives from the weapons and entertainment industries as requested by the president after the December 14 school shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, in which 20 children and six adults were killed. REUTERS/Kevin Lamarque (UNITED STATES - Tags: POLITICS CRIME LAW)
美国副总统拜登图像来源: Reuters

“中国人在相关冲突中的动机相当清楚:一年前,中国取代美国成为世界头号贸易大国;中国商品的90%经由海路运输。就像100年的德国一样,这个快速成长的国家进军世界大洋、扩充海军。而进入太平洋的通道受到由美国的盟友控制的岛屿和半岛构成的一条岛链的阻挡,这让北京总参谋部的战略家们十分不快。

“这个‘第一岛链’成了中国人一个无法摆脱的战略意念。……现在这一战略意念又变成了一种无法摆脱政治意念。……而此时若能在外交舞台上显示强硬,对中国领导人来说是恰逢其时,—在刚刚确定了经济和社会改革的一系列举措后,正可以借此消除那些认为自己过于自由化的怀疑。

“在充满民族主义情愫的氛围中,没有比在同日本的交往中更易于显示出那种强硬了:多年的占领和战争罪,不论是作案人还是受害者,都没有真正得到清理,留下了深深的不满。对中国领导人而言,在同日本的争端中赚取名声,是一种很方便的手段。……

©Kyodo/MAXPPP - 02/09/2012 ; NAHA, Japan - Photo taken from a Kyodo News helicopter shows Uotsuri Island, part of the Senkaku Islands in the East China Sea on Sept. 2, 2012. A Tokyo metropolitan government team the same day conducted an offshore inspection of the islands as part of its plan to buy land on the isles amid a growing territorial row with China over the uninhabited islets. (Kyodo)
钓鱼岛(尖阁诸岛)划入东中国海“防空识别区”图像来源: picture-alliance/dpa

“美国武装力量存在的增加意在安抚美国在亚洲的伙伴。中国则将其视为一种围堵。本周在该地区访问时,拜登将必须保持一种平衡:他必须既让盟邦们安心,又必须防止他们过于狂妄;他必须警告中国,不要让对话的线索绷断。

“欧洲人非常清楚,即使是理性的外交政治家在不期而遇的危机中也会被迅速套入非理性的因果链而难以自拔。某些历史学家和政治家已在讨论中国今天的情形同第一次世界大战爆发前国际局势的异同。

“美国政治学家卡根(Robert Kagan)说,华盛顿在东亚已接过了当年大不列颠帝国的角色,必须向‘我们时代的德意志’—中国表明,如果北京以不能令人接受的方式行动,美国无论如何都将做出回应。”

US Navy swimmers participate in an exercise with the USS Thach on March 1, 2013, while patrolling in international waters in the Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Colombia and Ecuador. The USS Thach participates in the Martillo Operation, a US led multilateral operation to combat drug smuggling in Central America launched on January 2012. AFP PHOTO/ Jose CABEZAS (Photo credit should read Jose CABEZAS/AFP/Getty Images)
美国近年来加强在太平洋地区的军事存在图像来源: Jose Cabezas/AFP/Getty Images

威廉二世风格

《法兰克福汇报》刊登图宾根大学一名艺术史学家的文章。文章作者将中日之间的岛屿(日本称“尖阁诸岛”,中国称“钓鱼岛”)争议同当年德皇威廉二世从英国手中争要黑尔戈兰岛(Helgoland)的史实作比较,警告人们必须小心:

“尤其是鉴于中国奉行的那种就其粗鲁而言颇有威廉风格的外交政策,所有那些问题都日益变得紧迫。或许,未来一代的中国政治家有朝一日会自问,在一个短暂的时间段里无例外地—朝鲜也包括在内—让所有邻国都提心吊胆、受到挑战,这是否明智。美国以保持岛链为核心的那种游戏,因此变得过于简单了。”

摘编:凝炼
责编:李鱼

[摘编自其它媒体,不代表德国之声观点]