Baƙin gawayi (Bauxite) a Guinea-Konakry

Ƙasar Guinea-Konakry dake yammacin Afirka tana ɗaya daga ƙasashe mafi talauci a duniya, sai dai fa gefe guda ƙasar tana da ɗimbin albarkatun ƙarƙashin ƙasar. A cikin nishaɗi daraktan kamfani mafi girma dake haƙar ma'adinai a ƙasar ta Guinea James Camara, yana kallon wata motar kartan ƙasa tana ta yin kabtu. Wannan motar tana ayyuka guda uku ne lokaci guda, ta haƙo ma'adinan daga ƙarƙashin ƙasa, ita ce ke baza su, kana ita ce kuma ke lodawa manyan motoci dake ɗaukar ma'adinan. Sama da ton 750 na duwatsu ake bazawa a ko wace sa'a guda. Kamar yadda Camara ya faɗi "Muna iya loda tifofi bakwai maƙel".

Waɗannan motocin mallakar wani kamfanin ƙasar Rasha da aka fi sani da Rusal, kuma aikin da suke yi ya haɗa da haƙar ma'adinai na Balandou da Debele, kana da kuma wani ƙauyen da aka kira Kindia wanda ke yammacin ƙasar ta Guinea. A waɗannan wuraren haƙar ma'adinai a kan fiddo da jar ƙasa, wadda daga cikin ta ne ake tace ma'adinan dalma da sauransu, kuma da su ne baital malin gwamnatin Guinea ya dogara.

Babu kamfani mallakar ƙasar

Manyan motoci na ɗauko ma'adinan daga inda ake haƙarsu izuwa tashoshin jiragen ƙasa, kana a wuce da su izuwa Kindia babban birnin lardin. Daga nan kuma ake loda su a jiragen ruwa a garzaya da su izuwa ƙasar Yukrain. Daga nanen kuma ake sarrafa ma'adinan sa zama Dalma, bayan haka sai a wuce da dalmar izuwa sauran ƙasashen duniya. A ƙasar Guinea kanta, tun sama da shekaru 53 bayan samun yancin kai, amma har yanzu ƙasar bata da na ta kamfani dake iya sarrafa waɗannan ma'adinan.

Bisa sabbin dokokin da aka yi, akwai alamar ƙasar za ta samu riba a wannan harka ta haƙar ma'adinai fi ye da a kowane lokaci. A watan Satumban shekarar 2011 gwamnati ta yi wa dokar haƙar ma'adinai kwaskwarima. Inda aka ce gwamnatin ƙasar ita za ta mallaki kashi 30 cikin ɗari na duk wani jarin kamfanin haƙar ma'adinai. To amma wannan babu wani sauyin azo a gani da zai samarwa ƙasar, kasance akasarin kamfanonin haƙar ma'adinan mallakar ƙasashen waje ne.

Sai dai waɗannan dokokin da gwamnatin Gini ta tsarawa kamfanoni ba masu sauƙin aiwatar wa bane, don haka kasancewa aksarin kamfanionin mallakar ƙasashen waje ne, shi ya sa gwamnatin ƙasar Gini ta nemi bankin duniya da asusun bada lamuni wato IMF, da su tallafa ma ta yadda za a samu aiwatar dokokin ba tare da hakan ya kawo cikas ga na samun masu zuba jari daga ƙasashen waje.

Amma wannan sabon shirin na gwamnatin Guinea bai yi wa masu zuba jarin daɗi ba. Pavel Vassiliev shine wakilin kamfanin ƙasar Rasha wato Rusal a nahiyar Afirka baki daya, a ganinsa waɗannan dokokin za su yi karan tsaye ga kamfanonin haƙar ma'adinai. "Bisa la'akari da matsalar da fannin ma'adinan dalma ke fiskanta, yanzu haka akwai kamfanoni dake janye jarinsu a wannan fannin. Kuma suna shirin picewa daga ƙasar Guinea."

'Yan ƙasa na samu tukunci ne kawai

Maƙobtan ƙasashe kamar su Saliyo da Laberiya sun yi kokuwar samun cin ribar arzikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa da Allah ya hore musu. Amma har yanzu a ƙasar Gini, batun cin gajiyar arzikin ƙarƙashin ƙasa abune da aka kasa samu. A birnin Kindia babban birnin lardin da ake haƙar ma'adinan, ƙasa da sa'o'i biyu mutun zai shiga gari daga wurin haƙar ma'adinan, inda kimanin mutane dubu 200, 000 ke zama.

Idan ka kama hanyar zuwa gidan shugaban ƙaramar hukumar birnin Kindia babu abinda za ka gani banda duhu, domin kuwa babu wutar lantarki a garin. Yan majalisa ƙaramar hukumar suna zama kan wasu tsaffin kujeru, a gefensu akwai takardu ko file, wadanda duk ƙura ta rufe su, a cikin takardun akwai yarjejeniya tsakanin kamfanin Rusal dake haƙar ma'adinai, inda aka rubata cewa shugaban ƙaramar hukumar yana da ƙasa da kaso ɗaya cikin ɗari na duk ko wane ton daya da aka haƙo, misalin dalar Amirka ɗaya a ko wane ton guda. Sai dai abun kaito shine, shugaban ƙaramar hukumar Conde Dramane yace an daɗe rabon da a ba shi ko wannan ɗan kason ma. " Amma wannan bawai laifin kamfanin Rusal mai haƙar ma'adinan bane, domin bayan juyin mulki soji na shekara ta 2008, jama'an ƙasar suka buƙaci kada a bada kuɗin domin suna iya shiga hannu yan bata gari, don haka kamfanin ya ke ajiye wadanan kuɗaɗen har sai an samu gwamnatin da aka zaba ta hanyar demokradiya. Daga bisani a sakar mata kuɗin, abun da ke faruwa kenan a yanzu.

Yunƙurin samo dukiyar da aka yi asararta.

Yanzu dai kamfanin Rusal ya fara saka wa jama'ar yankin kai tsaye.

A bana kamfanin ya ware kuɗi na Euro 350,000 inda aka samarwa ƙauyuka biyu wutar lantarki. Ɗaya daga ƙauyukan shine Mambia wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙauye, inda aksari aka yi ginin da tubalin ƙasa, ƙauyen yana kan hanyar zuwa Konakry babban birnin ƙasar ta Gini. Baya ga haƙar ma'adinai, mazauna wannan ƙauyukan suna sana'ar noma, inda a ko ina ka duba za ka ga korayen ganyen rogo sun mamaye gonaki. Sakataren ƙungiyar mazauna ƙauyen, Kande Oumar Camara yace "Kamfanin Rusal na gina mana makarantu, wuraren kiwon lafiya da kuma samar wa ƙauyukan mu wutar lantarki. Wannan ya taimakawa masu ƙananan masana'antu wajen farfaɗowa"

To amma ga 'yan siyasa hakan bai wadatar ba, misali a na shi manufar ministan kula da ma'adinai da tsare-tsare na ƙasar Guinea Ousmane Kaba, yace kamata ya yi Rusal ya ƙara kason da yake bai wa yan ƙasar. "Da farko dai waɗannan ma'adinan mallakar yan ƙasar Gini ne" Irin waɗannan dalilan ya sa a ke samun saɓani da kamfanin Rusal. Inda bincike ya nuna cewa kama ta ya yi ace Rusal ya zuba dalar Amirka biliyan ɗaya a asusun gwamnatin ƙasar Gini, amma abun da ba mu gani ba kenan.

Ma'adinai da inganta tattalin arziikin ƙasar

Babbar matsalar ƙasar Gini shine, ba'a aiwatar da dokoki. Aksarin ɗan kason da kamfanonin ƙasashen waje masu haƙar ma'adinai ke bayarwa don a tallafawa ƙasar, ba a yi aiki da shi ba. Amma dai ana ganin sabbin wurarenn haƙar ma'adinanai kamar na Balandou a yankin Debele da ma a saurarn wasu wurare, akwai fatan za su iya inganta tattalin arzikin ƙasar Gini fiye da yadda ake yanzu. Amma sai har gwamnatin ƙasar Gini ta yi aiki da kuɗin da take samu wajen ma'adinan a fannin gina tituna da sauran ayyukan samar da ababen mure rayuwa ga yan ƙasar, bawai a karkatar da kuɗi ta wasu fannoni na ɓoye ba, to hakan zai sa sabowar dokar haƙar ma'adinai a ƙasar Gini ta amfani 'yan ƙasa.

Mawallafa: Bob Barry / Usman Shehu Usman
Edita: Yahouza Sadissou Madobi