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Tarihin marigayi Mandela na Afirka ta Kudu

December 6, 2013

Tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Nelson Mandela ya rasu ya na da shekaru 95 a duniya. Shi ne ya jagoranci gaggwarmayar kawo ƙarshen wariyar launin fata a ƙasarsa.

https://p.dw.com/p/1AU1q
12.2013 DW Liveübertragung Trauerfeier Nelson Mandela Portrait

Shi dai Nelson Mandela wanda dan gidan sarauta ne an haife shi a ranar 17 ga watan Yulin 1918 a garin Mvezo da ke cikin yankin Cap ta gabas a halin yanzu. Mahaifinsa ya raɗa masa suna "Rolihlahla" ma'ana mai karya reshe a cikin harshen ƙabilar Xhosa, saboda tsabagen kiriniya da ya ke da shi. Hasali ma dai ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa wajen cire wa baƙƙken fatan Afirka ta Kudu kitse a wuta. A taƙaicen taƙaicewa dai Mandela ya shafe shekaru 27 a gidan yari saboda ƙin bayar da kai domin bori ya hau da ya yi, game da duk al'amura da suka shafi wariyar launin fata. Alal hakika ma dai bayan kawo ƙarshen Apartheid ne aka sako shi, kana ya yi nasarar zama baƙar fata na farko da ya zama shugaban ƙasa a Afirka ta Kudu.

Lokacin da Mandela ya fara siyasa

Tun ya na dalibi ne Nelson Mandela ya fara jagorantar zanga-zangar nuna rashin amince wa da salon mulkin kama karya a ƙasarsa. Saboda haka ne ya tsunduma cikin harkokin siyasa ƙarƙashin jam'iyyar ANC a shekarar 1944. Ya yi aiki a wata cibiyar farko ta lawyoyi bakaken fata a kasar Afirka ta kudu. Sai dai kuma bayan haramta jam'iyyar ANC da gwamnatin farar fata ta yi, Mandela ya zama ja gaba wajen kai hare-haren sari ka noƙe a kan ƙadarorin gwamnati, saboda a cewar ya zama wajibi.

Nelson Mandela tot
Marigayi Nelson MandelaHoto: Picture-Alliance/Photoshot

"Na yi jawabi inda na yi kira da a ɗauki makamai saboda gwamnati ba ta ba mu wani zabi ba."

A shekarar 1962 Mandela ya yi balaguro zuwa ƙetare a asirce domin neman tallafi na kuɗi da kuma na horas da ƙusoshin ANC dabbarun yaƙi. Bayan da ya dawo ne aka danƙe shi, tare da tasa ƙeyarsa zuwa jarun inda ya shafe tsawon lokaci ya na tsare. A farkon shekarun 1990 ne tsohon shugaban Afirka ta Kudu Frederik de Klerk da kansa ya bayyana gaban majalisar dokokin ƙasarsa. Amma sai a ranar 11 ga watan Fabrairu 1991 ne aka sako shi bayan ya shafe shekaru 27 a daure.

"Na yi yaki game da babakeren fara fata. sannan na yi yaƙi game da babakerern baƙar fata. Na yi wannan gaggwarmaya ne domin a samu 'yanci da walwala a cikin ƙasa, tare da kafa mulkin demokraɗiyya inda ba za a samu banbanci ba. Wannan wata manufa ce da zan iya mutuwa a kan haka"

Lokacin da Mandela ya zama shugaban kasa

Shi dai wanda ake dangantwa da "Martin Luther king" ya tsaya takara shugabancin Afirka ta Kudu a zaɓen watan Afirilu na 1994 wanda ke zama na farko da aka gudanar bisa tafarkin demokraɗiyya a ƙasar. Baya ga lashe zaɓen cikin sauƙi da Mandela ya yi, ya yi rantsauwar kama aiki a ranar 10 ga watan Mayun 1994 a matsayin baƙar fata na farko da ya ɗare kan wannan kujera a ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.

"Wannan ɗaya ne daga cikin muhimman ranuka a tarihin ƙasarmu. na tsaya a gabanku cikin da farin ciki da kuma alfahari na mutanen ƙasar nan da suka ƙaskantar da kansu. Kun nuna juriya da haƙuri da suka taimaka sake ginan ƙasar nan tun daga tushe domin samar mata da cikakken 'yanci."

Rayuwar Mandela bayan shugabancin kasarsa

Ɗaya daga cikin manufofin da Nelson Mandela ya sa a gaba lokacin da ya riƙe madafun iko, shi ne neman sansanta bangarorin ƙasar da suka yi ta gaba da juna. saboda cimma wannan ɓuri ne ya naɗa Archbishop Desmond Tutu a matsayin shugaban kwamitin gaskiya da sansanta tabargazar da aka taflka a zamanin nuna wariyar launin fata.

Bildergalerie Jürgen Schadeberg
Marigayi Nelson MandelaHoto: J. Schadeberg

Shi dai Mandela ya sauka daga karagar mulki tare da wanke hannu a harkokin siyasa lokacin ya na da shekaru 81 a duniya. Ya mayar da hankali daga bisani kan harkokin jin kai inda ya kama gidauniya da ke kula da waɗanda suke fama da cutar Aids ko Sida. shi dai Mandela ya bar mace guda, da tarin 'ya'ya da kuma jikoki.

Mawallafi: Mouhamadou Awal Balarabe
Edita: Abdourahamane Hassane