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Shekaru 100 bayan yakin duniya na farko

November 10, 2018

Ranar 11 ga watan Nuwamba shugabannin kasashen duniya kimanin 67 za su halarci a birnin Paris na Faransa bikin tunawa da cika shekaru 100 da kawo karshen yakin duniya na farko wanda ya wakana daga 1914 zuwa 1918.

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Deutschland Novemberrevolution 1918 Soldaten mit Roter Fahne
Hoto: picture-alliance/akg-images

Mutane kimanin miliyan 20 ne suka halaka a cikin wannan yaki wanda ya hada a bangare guda wasu kasashen duniya kimanin 60 a karkashin jagorancin Faransa da kuma da wani kawancen kasashen a karkashin jagorancin Jamus. Wannan yaki ya kasance mafi muni da duniya ba ta taba gani ba a wancen lokaci, wanda ya zamo na gwajin dafin sabbin makamai masu cin matsakaicin zango da gurneti da kuma makamai masu guba, wadanda ilimin kimiyya da ci gaban kirkire-kirkiren zamani ya samar. An dai share shekaru hudu ana gwabza wannan yaki inda mutane dubu shida ke mutuwa a cikinsa a kowace rana, kafin daga karshe kawancan kasashen da Jamus ke jagoranta ya yi saranda tare da saka hannu a kan yarjejeniyar kawo karshen yakin a ranar 11 ga watan Nowambar 1918.

Frankreich Geschichte Weltkrieg Friedensvertrag von Versailles
Hoto: ullstein bild - histopics

Dama tun a ranar tara ga watan Nuwamba wato kwanaki biyu kafin ranar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniniyar kawo karshen yakin duniyar na farko, sojojin kasar ta Jamus sun kawo karshen mulkin daular sarakuna ta Jamus da ke a karkashin jagorancin sarkin sarakuna Guillaume na Biyu, daga nan ne kuma Philipp Scheidemann na jam'iyyar Social Democrat ya yi amfani da wannan dama inda nan take ya kaddamar da Jamhuriya wacce ta mika mulkin a hannu fararen hula.

Erster Weltkrieg | Waffenstillstand 1918
Hoto: picture-alliance/dpa/K. Nietfeld

Sai dai bayan kammala yakin duniyar na farko, kokarin da sabbin shugabannin Jamus da sauran kasashen Turai suka yi na sake gina kasashensu ya fuskanci kalubale kasancewa akasarin wadanda suka mutu a yakin matasa ne. Wadanda kuma suka yi saura aksarinsu tsofaffi ne da ba sa iya ba da babbar gudunmawa a aikin sake gina kasa.

Yarjejeniyar Versaille da aka cimma a karshen yakin ta haddasa wa kasar Jamus babbar asara, inda aka kwace mata kasashen da ke a karkashin mulkin mallakarta a Afirka kamar su Kamaru da Togo da yankin da ke zama na kasashen Tanzaniya da Ruwanda da Burundi na yau. Kazalika an raba ta da kaso 15 daga cikin 100  na fadin kasarta, a yayin da kasashen aka mayarwa Faransa da Beljiyam da Danmark yankunan kasashensu da Jamus ta mamaye kana aka tilasta wa Jamus biyan wasu miliyoyin kudaden diyya na sake gina wasu kasashen da yakin ya daidaita.

Stadt Wien um 1900 Straßenszene Ringstraße
Hoto: Getty Images

Sai dai wannan mataki da aka dauka kan kasar ta Jamus a karshen yakin duniyan na farko ya haifar da wani sabon kishin kasa ga wasu 'yan kasashen na Turai inda mutane irin su Adolf Hitler a Jamus suka fake da wannan batu domin haifar da wasu rigingimun da suka kai ga haifar da yakin duniya na biyu shekaru 21 bayan kammala na farko, yakin da shi kuma ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar mutane miliyan 60. A yanzu dai shugabannin kasashen duniya kimanin 67 ne da suka hada da Putin na Rasha da Donald Trump na Amirka da shugabar gwamnatin Jamus Angela Merkel da ma Shugaba Muhammadu Buhari na Najeriya da Paul Biya na Kamaru da Alassane Ouattara daga Cote d'Ivoire za su halarci bikin na tunawa da zagayowar shekaru 100 da kammala yakin duniyan na farko da ke gudana a Paris babban birnin kasar Faransa.