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Mulki ba tare da hannun Turawan Faransa ba

February 24, 2019

Bayan samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka, wasu kasashen Afirka da ke magana da harshen Faransanci sun dukufa wajen samar da hanyoyin tafiyar da gwamnatocinsu ba tare da taimakon Turawan mulkin mallakar ba.

https://p.dw.com/p/3DzvF
Bildkombo Patrice Lumumba, Louis Rwagasore, Thomas Sankara

Samun 'yancin kai na kasashen Afirka rainon Faransa ya gudana ne a mahimman lokuta uku. Na farko shi ne bai wa 'yan Afirka damar tafiyar da jagorancin kasashensu amma bisa sa idon Faransan a shekara ta 1956 bayan babbar muhawarar Bandoeng, na biyu shi ne zaben raba gardama na shekara ta 1958 wanda shugaban Faransa na lokacin General De Gaulle ya shirya da ya bai wa kasashen Afirka damar kasancewa yankuna wato Republic da ke karkashin mulkin Faransar se kuma na uku samun 'yancin kai a shekara ta 1960. 

Bayan samun 'yancin kan 'yan Afirkan sun yi amfani da wannan sabuwar dama domin maido da martaba ta yankin Afirkan, kana kuma goge gyambon da suke ganin Turawan mulkin mallakar sun yi wa Afirkan. Daga cikin gwarzayen da suka yi gwagwarmaya a wancan lokacin, tarihi na rike da Patrice Lumumba Shugaban gwamnatin kasar Kwango da ke karkashin mulkin Beljiyam. A wani jawabi da Patrice Lumumban ya gabatar a birnin Léopoldville  wadda a yanzu a ke kira da Kinshasa a ranar 30 ga watan Yuni a gaban sarkin Beljiyam ya sanar da farkawar 'yan Afrikan.

Wanan zafafan kalamai na Patrice Lumumba sun yi tasiri ga miliyoyin 'yan Afirka wajan gwagwarmayar yi wa kai, dan gaggauta kwato 'yancinsu daga Turawan mulkin mallakar da kuma hangen hanyoyin bunkasa kasashen. Masanan tarihi kamar Farfesa Aboubacar Maïga na Mali na alakanta nasarar gwagwarmayar mazan jiyan irin su Patrice Lumumba ko Kwame Nkrumah da samun taimakon Tarayyar Soviet.

Bayan samun 'yancin kan, ba aje ko ina ba dimukuradiyyar a kasashen na Afirka ta soma fuskantar kalubale, kama daga kisan manyan 'yan gwagwarmayar kana juye-juyen mulkin da suka biyo baya a Togo a 1963 da Kwango a 1965 da kuma Burkina Faso a 1966, inda sojoji suka yi ta darewa kan mulki suna cin karensu babu babbaka, lamarin da ya sake mayar da dimukuradiyya baya. Daga cikin shugabannin da suka gabata a wanan lokaci na samun 'yanci kai, tarihi na rike da Jean Bedel Bokassa na Afirka ta Tsakiya da Sékou Touré na Gine da Houphouët-Boigny na Côte d'Ivoire da makamantansu, suma sun taka rawarsu a fagen mulki danniya da kama karya a Afirka tare da neman dawwama kan karagar mulki. 

A takaice dai sai a shekarun 1990 ne bayan an yi ta tabka muhawarorin kasashe cewa da Conferences Nationales dimukuradiyya ta fara kafuwa a kasashen Afirka, kana kasashen renon Faransa suka dauki sabuwar alkibla.