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美军精打细算对付朝鲜

2013年4月5日

与小国朝鲜步步升级的紧张局势原本是美国并不想看到的画面。虽然美国财政削减计划也波及到了国防预算,但专家认为,这并不代表该国的军事实力会因此受到影响。

https://p.dw.com/p/18Adj
U.S. Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel gives a speech on fiscal defense spending at Ft. McNair in Washington April 3, 2013. REUTERS/Gary Cameron (UNITED STATES - Tags: MILITARY POLITICS BUSINESS)
图像来源: REUTERS


(德国之声中文网)美国国防部长查克·哈格尔(Chuck Hagel)上台后发表的首次重要讲话中就朝鲜的威胁进一步升级提出了警告,并将其称为美国利益的一个“真正的威胁”。同时他也指出,在整体预算削减的大潮中,五角大楼也必须做好“勒紧裤腰带”的准备。哈格尔在本周三(4月3日)在美国国防大学发表演讲时说:“我们认真地对待这些威胁,我们也必须要认真地对待”。他还表示:“我们尽己所能,与中国和其他国家一起合作,缓和朝鲜半岛的紧张形势。”

后果难预料

就在哈格尔发出警告的早些时候,朝鲜宣布关闭朝韩合作的开城工业园区。平壤公布了这个消息不久后,将紧张气氛再次升级——朝鲜方面声称已批准对美国发动核打击的任务。去年12月,朝鲜成功发射一枚远程火箭。今年2月进行了第三次核试验之后,朝鲜半岛的紧张局势出现升级。而朝鲜一意孤行的后果就是受到联合国更严厉的制裁。

美国战略及国际研究中心(Center for Strategic and International Studies)国防专家科德斯曼(Anthony Cordesman)接受德国之声采访时表示:“从理论上讲,(朝鲜的)这种言词表态都是政治性的,既是一种谈判策略,同时也试图以‘秀肌肉’来掩盖经济疲软的事实。但是问题在于,历史证明,这种表态可能会引发出无人能真正预见的连锁反应。开始时可能只是小型攻击或展示军事姿态,最终可能演变为严重的军事对抗。”

关岛提前设防

科德斯曼表示,虽然朝鲜还没有研发出能够打击美国本土的洲际导弹,但对于对全球经济有重要意义的东北亚地区,朝鲜仍然是个危险。美国国防部长哈格尔在华盛顿发表的一次讲话中曾表示,朝鲜已拥有相应的核技术和导弹技术。因为情势紧张,美国在过去几周向韩国派遣了具备核打击能力的隐形轰炸机。

美国大西洋理事会国防专家帕维尔(Barry Pavel)分析道:“这个措施直接给予韩国安全感并且起到震慑朝鲜的作用。人们一直在试图搞清,多少安全和多少威慑才是适当的,这种措施到什么程度会成为让情况进一步出现升级的挑衅。”

本周三,五角大楼宣布,将在未来几周内在关岛部署一套反导弹防御系统。美韩正在进行的联合军演将在4月底全部结束。帕维尔解释说:“一直以来,两国联合军演的策略是:携手并进、联合演习、共同商议。”
削减国防预算

但正值朝鲜半岛紧张局势加剧之时,美国国防部面临着预算削减。自三月初开始生效的“财政节约”旨在未来10年削减共1万亿美元的开支,而美国国防部因此要削减5亿美元。仅在今年一年,五角大楼就要节约4100万美元。哈格尔说:“我们必须要重新审视旧理念,要拿出所有办法”。他指出,购买武器和人事成本方面都有可以节缩的空间。

国防专家科德斯曼并不太担心削减政策会给美国军事实力带来危险:“说到预算削减问题必须要十分谨慎。我们现在谈到的这个国家的军事支出比世界上任何其他国家都要大,美国的权力并不会因为自动减赤而受到影响。”

美国大西洋理事会国防专家帕维尔相信,除了中央防御计划之外,美国在未来会更多地依赖于他的主要盟国,比如韩国:“美国有着世界上最大的盟国网络。我想,放眼未来,美国必定会比以前更大程度地使用这个网络。”



作者:Spencer Kimball    编译:文木
责编:洪沙

Navy vessels of South Korea and the U.S. participate in a joint military drill on the west sea, west of Seoul, in this picture taken March 17, 2013 and released by the South Korean Navy on March 18, 2013. REUTERS/South Korean Navy/Handout (SOUTH KOREA - Tags: MILITARY POLITICS) ATTENTION EDITORS � THIS IMAGE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. FOR EDITORIAL USE ONLY. NOT FOR SALE FOR MARKETING OR ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS. SOUTH KOREA OUT. NO COMMERCIAL OR EDITORIAL SALES IN SOUTH KOREA. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS
美韩在三月初开启了联合军演图像来源: Reuters
North Korean leader Kim Jong-Un (C) visits a long-range artillery sub-unit of the Korean People's Army Unit 641, whose mission is to strike Baengnyeong Island of South Korea in the western sector of the front line March 11, 2013 in this picture released by the North's official KCNA news agency in Pyongyang March 12, 2013. South Korea and U.S. forces are conducting large-scale military drills, while the North is also gearing up for a massive military exercise. North Korea has accused the U.S. of using the military drills in the South as a launch pad for a nuclear war and has said to scrap the armistice with the U.S. that ended the 1950-53 Korean War. REUTERS/KCNA (NORTH KOREA - Tags: POLITICS MILITARY CIVIL UNREST) ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS IMAGE. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. QUALITY FROM SOURCE. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. NOT FOR USE BY REUTERS THIRD PARTY DISTRIBUTORS ATTENTION EDITORS - THIS PICTURE WAS PROVIDED BY A THIRD PARTY. REUTERS IS UNABLE TO INDEPENDENTLY VERIFY THE AUTHENTICITY, CONTENT, LOCATION OR DATE OF THIS IMAGE. THIS PICTURE IS DISTRIBUTED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED BY REUTERS, AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS. QUALITY FROM SOURCE. NO THIRD PARTY SALES. NOT FOR USE BY REUTERS THIRD PARTY DISTRIBUTORS
有观点认为,金正恩利用强硬态度来巩固领导地位图像来源: Reuters