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  3. Tsallake zuwa karin wasu shafukan DW

Kwango ta cika shekaru 60 da samun 'yancin kai

Schwikowski Martina AS
June 30, 2020

Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango ta cika shekaru 60 da samun 'yancin kai daga Turawan mulkin mallaka na Beljiyam a cikin wani yanayi na tashin hankali da yake-yake tun daga lokacin da kasar ta samu 'yancin gashin kai.

https://p.dw.com/p/3eZpv
Kongokonferenz Berlin
Daya daga cikin sarakunan Beljiyam Baudouin(1) a tsaye, kana a zaune a hannun dama shugaba na farko na Kwango Joseph Kasawubu. A rana 30 ga watan Yuni na shekara ta 1960 a LeopoldvilleHoto: picture-alliance/dpa

Gabannin samun mulkin kai da Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyyar Kwango ta yi dai, kasar na karkashin ikon Sarki Leopold II na ksar Beljiyam kuma a wancan lokacin kusan mafi akasarin arzikin kasar musamman ma wuraren da ke da bishiyun roba gami da inda ake da ma'adanan karkashin kasa na hannunsa, kuma al'ummar kasar ne ke yi masa aiki na tonon ma'adanan wanda daga bisani ake aikewa da su Beljiyam ko kuma a sayar a mika masa kudin.

A karkashin ikon Sarki Leopold II na Kasar Beljiyam an gallaza wa al'umma a Jamhuriyar Dimukaradiyyar Kwango

Kongogräuel im Kongo-Freistaat
Hoto: picture-alliance/dpa/Everett Collection

Rahotanni da dama sun yi nuni da yadda aka rika gallaza wa jama'a a wurin tonon ma'adanai mallakin sarkin da ma aiki a wuraren da ake da bishiyun roba, inda wasu da dama suka gamu da ajalinsu yayin da wasu kuma suka rasa gabobinsu. Baya ga wannan, an kuma yi kokari wajen dakile duk irin damar da 'yan kasar ke da ita ta samun ilimi na zamani wanda ka iya taimaka musu wajen cimma buri na rayuwa ko ma kaiwa ga rike madafun iko kamar yadda Gesine Ames kwararriya kan tarihin irin wadannan kasashe ta shaida wa DW: ''Rikici da rashin adalci tsakani al'umma abu ne da za a ce ya yi kaurin suna lokacin da Turawan Beljiyam suka yi mulkin mallaka a Jamhuriyar Dimukradiyar Kwango. Turawan na Beljiyam dai sun yi ta kokari wajen dakile 'yan Kwango din daga samu ilimi ko wani matsayi a siyasance, inda a share guda suka yi ta ciyar da mutanensu gaba. Wannan ya sa lamura suka yi wa kasar tsauri kuma haka lamarin ya cigaba da wakana har bayan da ta samu 'yancin kai wanda ya jawo ta kasa tsaya da kafafunta kana rikici ya cigaba da wanzuwa.

Tashin hankalin da Jamhuriyar Dimukaradiyyar Kwango ke fama da shi fiye da shekaru ya samo asili tun daga mulkin mallaka 

Kongo Ernesto "Che" Guevara und kongolesische Guerrilleros (1965)
Wasu sojojin Kwango 'yan aware a lokacin yakin Katanga tare da Ernesto "Che" Guevara wani dan juyin juya hali dan asilin Ajantina a zaune wanda ya je tallafa wa 'yan tawayen.Kwango a karkashin jagorancin Laurent Desire KabilaHoto: Getty Images/AFP

Wannan hali da al'ummar kasar suka tsinci kansu a ciki dai ya sanya alakanta halin da kasar ta shiga na rikici da yake-yake iri-iri da ma gallaza wa talaka da irin yadda aka tafiyar da ita lokacin da take mallakin Sarki Leopold II na Beljiyam wanda kuma shugabannin da suka riketa ciki kuwa har da Mobutu Sese Seko suka dora daga inda ya tsaya, kazalika wasu na ganin irin yadda kasar ke cigaba da fuskantar tashin hankali na da nasaba da irin yadda aka tafiyar da ita a baya kamar yadda Farfesa Thomas Elbert masanin hallayyar dan Adam a jami'ar Constance da ke nan Jamus ya bayyana a hirarsa da DW: ''Kamar yadda bincike ya nunar, tashin hankali abu ne da ke iya yin rassa da ma jijiyoyi. Za mu iya cewa tashin hankalin da Turawan mulkin mallaka suka haifar ya shiga jikin mutane kuma da wuya a iya kawo karshen wannan lamari.''

Batun cin hanci da rarrabuwar kawuna 'yan kasar tun bayan samun 'yancin kai ya zuwa yanzu ya kara yin kamari

Patrice Lumumba
Patrice Lumumba tsohon firaministan Kwango daga 1960 zuwa 1964 jagoran fafutuka na samun 'yancin gashin kan Kwango kafin a kashe shi a 1961 a KatangaHoto: AP

To baya ga batu na haifar da tashin hankali, a share guda kuma kasar ta fuskanci matsala ta cin hanci wanda masana ke cewar ta samo asali tun zamin mulkin mallaka kuma aka dora kan hakan bayan da kasar ta samu mulki kai. Har wa yau batun rarrabuwar kai tsakanin 'yan kasar ya yi kamari kafin da ma bayan samun mulki kai sai dai firaministan kasar na farko Patrice Lumumba ya yi kokari wajen gyartta lamura amma kuma wani juyin mulki da aka yi a shekarar 1961 wanda shi ne ya yi sanadin rasuwarsa ya dakile wannan kokari nasa na ganin kasar ta kasance tsintsiya madaurinki daya.